Question 1

The inflammatory process induced by periodontal pathogens may ____.

Accepted Answer

The inflammatory response caused by periodontal pathogens can lead to the acceleration of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis occurs when plaque builds up in the arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow. The immune response triggered by the periodontal pathogens can contribute to this plaque buildup, leading to cardiovascular disease.

Question 2

Which of the following would most likely help to manage xerostomia?

Accepted Answer

Consuming foods with high fluid content, such as soup, can help to manage xerostomia by providing moisture which can hydrate the mouth and stimulate saliva production. Eating dry crackers or consuming coffee may actually worsen the condition by further drying out the mouth. Avoiding tight clothing around the waist is unrelated to xerostomia management.

Question 3

Short Case Study Questions  
A 73-year-old retired administrative assistant has had recurrent episodes of pneumonia with weight loss for the past 5 months. Her past medical history includes high cholesterol and diabetes. Currently, she is admitted to the hospital because of complications arising from a recent stroke.
-The nurse suspects a swallowing problem and recommends an evaluation that involves direct visualization of the esophagus, which will most likely be performed by ____.

Accepted Answer

An endoscopy involves direct visualization of the esophagus, making it the most appropriate choice for evaluating a suspected swallowing problem. A barium swallow test is another option but is less preferred because it involves radiation exposure and does not provide as clear of an image. A neurological exam would not directly evaluate the esophagus, and surgery would not be the first choice without a confirmed diagnosis.

Question 4

Following bariatric surgery, what food would need to be avoided?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following bariatric surgery, what food would need...

Question 5

Short Case Study Questions  
James Hammond is a 37-year-old business executive. He travels worldwide and has a very stressful schedule. He has been having chronic pain in his stomach for a month. After a recent trip he visits his physician after 5 days of nausea, vomiting, and blood in his stool and is diagnosed with severe gastritis.
-The doctor writes a prescription order for a(n) _______ supplement because of Mr. Hammond's blood loss.

Accepted Answer

Iron is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. Mr. Hammond has lost blood due to the bleeding in his digestive tract, and therefore, supplementing with iron is necessary to replenish his iron stores and assist in the formation of new red blood cells. Vitamin B12 and folic acid may also be necessary for the production of red blood cells, but iron is the best choice given the blood loss. Vitamin C is not specifically necessary for this situation.

Question 6

What is a risk factor for the development of periodontal disease?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that tobacco smoking is a significant risk factor for the development and progression of periodontal disease. It can also decrease the effectiveness of periodontal treatment. Wearing dentures, history of cardiovascular disease, and excessive salivation are not established risk factors for periodontal disease.

Question 7

To avoid dumping syndrome after bariatric surgery, a patient should ____.

Accepted Answer

Avoiding foods high in sugars is recommended to prevent dumping syndrome after bariatric surgery, as these can cause rapid gastric emptying leading to symptoms.

Question 8

Short Case Study Questions  
James Hammond is a 37-year-old business executive. He travels worldwide and has a very stressful schedule. He has been having chronic pain in his stomach for a month. After a recent trip he visits his physician after 5 days of nausea, vomiting, and blood in his stool and is diagnosed with severe gastritis.
-Which beverage should Mr. Hammond consume while being treated for gastritis?

Accepted Answer

Mr. Hammond should consume noncarbonated water while being treated for gastritis. Coffee, tea, and cola should be avoided as they are acidic and can aggravate the condition.

Question 9

Short Case Study Questions  
A 73-year-old retired administrative assistant has had recurrent episodes of pneumonia with weight loss for the past 5 months. Her past medical history includes high cholesterol and diabetes. Currently, she is admitted to the hospital because of complications arising from a recent stroke.
-A possible cause of the patient's condition is ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Short Case Study Questions  
A 73-year-old retired...

Question 10

Short Case Study Questions  
A 73-year-old retired administrative assistant has had recurrent episodes of pneumonia with weight loss for the past 5 months. Her past medical history includes high cholesterol and diabetes. Currently, she is admitted to the hospital because of complications arising from a recent stroke.
-The patient is placed on a Level 2 Dysphagia Mechanically Altered diet for her swallowing problem. Which food would you expect her to have the most difficulty with?

Accepted Answer

Rice can be challenging for individuals on a Level 2 Dysphagia Mechanically Altered diet because it does not easily form a cohesive bolus, making it harder to swallow safely compared to the softer, more cohesive or moist options listed.

Question 11

Short Case Study Questions  
James Hammond is a 37-year-old business executive. He travels worldwide and has a very stressful schedule. He has been having chronic pain in his stomach for a month. After a recent trip he visits his physician after 5 days of nausea, vomiting, and blood in his stool and is diagnosed with severe gastritis.
-Mr. Hammond is placed on ____ for 24 to 48 hours to rest the stomach.

Accepted Answer

NPO (nothing by mouth) is the best choice for Mr. Hammond as it allows his stomach to fully rest and heal from the gastritis. The other options may still irritate the stomach and worsen his condition.

Question 12

An obese individual is considered to be a candidate for bariatric surgery if he or she has a body mass index (BMI) greater than ____, regardless of whether there are any secondary obesity-associated health problems.

Accepted Answer

Bariatric surgery is typically considered for individuals with a BMI of 40 or higher, or a BMI of 35 or higher with obesity-related health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or sleep apnea. It is important to note that bariatric surgery is not a quick fix for obesity and should only be considered after other weight loss methods have been attempted and failed. The decision to undergo bariatric surgery should be made in consultation with a healthcare professional.

Question 13

Short Case Study Questions  
James Hammond is a 37-year-old business executive. He travels worldwide and has a very stressful schedule. He has been having chronic pain in his stomach for a month. After a recent trip he visits his physician after 5 days of nausea, vomiting, and blood in his stool and is diagnosed with severe gastritis.
-Mr) Hammond's gastritis may have been caused by ____.

Accepted Answer

Gastritis can be caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, which is a common bacterial infection that inflames the stomach lining. This can lead to chronic gastritis and can cause complications like ulcers and stomach cancer.

Question 14

Short Case Study Questions  
A 73-year-old retired administrative assistant has had recurrent episodes of pneumonia with weight loss for the past 5 months. Her past medical history includes high cholesterol and diabetes. Currently, she is admitted to the hospital because of complications arising from a recent stroke.
-On evaluation the patient is found to have chronic aspiration of food into her lungs. What may have caused the patient's diagnosis to be delayed?

Accepted Answer

The patient's chronic aspiration of food into her lungs may have been caused by an abnormal cough reflex, which could have delayed her diagnosis as it could be mistaken for a respiratory infection or pneumonia. Additionally, her other symptoms such as weight loss and recurrent pneumonia could have been attributed to her underlying high cholesterol and diabetes, which may have masked the true cause of her illness.

Question 15

Amy is recovering from gastric bypass surgery and needs to learn new dietary habits. What intervention can best help Amy to promote weight loss and healing after surgery?

Accepted Answer

Chewing food thoroughly helps with digestion and prevents discomfort after surgery. It also slows down the eating process, which can help with weight loss by allowing time for feelings of fullness to set in. Eating three regular meals a day and avoiding snacking throughout the day can also be beneficial for weight loss and promoting healing after surgery. Consuming fluids with meals and snacks can potentially hinder weight loss by filling up the stomach, and should be limited or avoided for a period of time after surgery.

Question 16

Short Case Study Questions  
James Hammond is a 37-year-old business executive. He travels worldwide and has a very stressful schedule. He has been having chronic pain in his stomach for a month. After a recent trip he visits his physician after 5 days of nausea, vomiting, and blood in his stool and is diagnosed with severe gastritis.
-Mr) Hammond is prescribed a 2-week regimen of antibiotics and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). Based on this information, which is most likely to be the primary cause of his gastritis?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms (nausea, vomiting, blood in stool) and the fact that the physician prescribed antibiotics and PPIs suggest that Mr. Hammond's gastritis is caused by an infection with Helicobacter pylori. Alcohol intake, radiation therapy, and bile reflux are also possible causes of gastritis but are less likely given the information provided.

Question 17

Why is a person with diabetes mellitus at higher risk for developing periodontal disease?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus causes impaired immune response, which weakens the body's ability to fight off infection and inflammation, including those in the gums. This makes people with diabetes more susceptible to periodontal disease.

Question 18

As plaque invades the space below the gumline of the teeth, ____ can damage the tissues that hold the tooth in place.

Accepted Answer

Plaque is full of bacteria that produce toxins. The toxins can irritate and inflame the gums, leading to gum disease. Advanced gum disease can damage the tissues that hold the tooth in place, which can eventually lead to tooth loss. Calculus (B) is hardened plaque that forms on teeth when plaque isn’t removed. Caries (C) is tooth decay caused by acid-producing bacteria on teeth. Salivary amylase (D) is an enzyme in saliva that breaks down carbohydrates.

Question 19

Short Case Study Questions  
A 73-year-old retired administrative assistant has had recurrent episodes of pneumonia with weight loss for the past 5 months. Her past medical history includes high cholesterol and diabetes. Currently, she is admitted to the hospital because of complications arising from a recent stroke.
-The nurse documents that the patient has nasal regurgitation and a hoarse, wet voice. She most likely has ____.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of nasal regurgitation and a hoarse, wet voice are indicative of oropharyngeal dysphagia, which is difficulty or discomfort with swallowing that originates in the mouth or throat. This can lead to aspiration, where food or liquid enters the lungs instead of the stomach, and recurrent pneumonia.

Question 20

Long-term complications following bariatric surgery include ____.

Accepted Answer

Long-term complications of bariatric surgery can include skeletal and bone diseases due to malabsorption of calcium and vitamins. Peptic ulcer disease can occur in the early postoperative period but is not typically considered a long-term complication. Pressure ulcers and heart failure are not commonly associated with bariatric surgery.

Quiz 23: Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders