Question 1

____ is the inability of the respiratory system to get life-giving oxygen to the cells.

Accepted Answer

Hypoxia is the inability of the respiratory system to get life-giving oxygen to the cells. Hypoxemia is a low level of oxygen in the blood. Hypercarbia is a condition where there is an excessive amount of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. Hypocemia is not a medical term.

Question 2

A pressure gradient will result in a movement of gas from one area of high pressure to another area of lower pressure, via ____.

Accepted Answer

Diffusion is the process by which gas molecules move from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure, down the pressure gradient. Osmosis is the process by which water molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. Perfusion is the process by which blood flows through the vessels of an organ or tissue to deliver oxygen and nutrients. Infusion is the introduction of a fluid into a vein for medical treatment.

Question 3

Night sweats and unexplained weight loss are cardinal signs of tuberculosis.

Accepted Answer

Night sweats and unexplained weight loss are indeed classic symptoms of tuberculosis.

Question 4

Dissolved oxygen in the plasma, or ____, is obtained by drawing an arterial blood sample and performing an arterial blood gas.

Accepted Answer

Dissolved oxygen in the plasma is referred to as PaO2, which is obtained by drawing an arterial blood sample and performing an arterial blood gas. Option A is not a valid medical abbreviation. Option C refers to the oxygen content of arterial blood. Option D refers to carbon monoxide, which is not relevant to this question.

Question 5

A straddling embolism is a large embolus that straddles the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A straddling embolism is a large embolus...

Question 6

The total oxygen content of the blood is represented by the symbol ____.

Accepted Answer

The total oxygen content of the blood is represented by the symbol CaO2, which is the oxygen saturation of arterial blood (SaO2) multiplied by the hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and the oxygen binding capacity of each gram of hemoglobin (1.34 ml O2/g Hb). Choice A and D are not correct symbols for the total oxygen content of blood, and choice B is only the symbol for oxygen.

Question 7

The list of lighter than air gasses (aerosols) is long.

Accepted Answer

Lighter than air gases, specifically those that are buoyant in air, primarily include hydrogen, helium, methane, ammonia, and hot air due to their lower density compared to the surrounding atmosphere. The list is not particularly long when considering gases that are commonly used for buoyancy purposes.

Question 8

The Fick equation is VO₂= CO * (CaO₂+ CvO₂).

Accepted Answer

The correct form of the Fick equation for calculating cardiac output (CO) is CO = VO2 / (CaO2 - CvO2), where VO2 is the oxygen consumption, CaO2 is the arterial oxygen content, and CvO2 is the venous oxygen content.

Question 9

If a patient has acidosis (low pH) the oxyhemoglobin curve will shift to the right as well; this is known as the ____ effect.

Accepted Answer

The Bohr effect refers to the relationship between pH and the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. In acidosis, the curve shifts to the right, indicating that hemoglobin has a decreased affinity for oxygen, allowing more oxygen to be released to the tissues.

Question 10

Any environment that has less than ____% oxygen in the atmosphere should be considered an oxygen-poor environment.

Accepted Answer

An environment with less than 19.5% oxygen is considered oxygen-deficient, and 17% is below this threshold.

Question 11

____ respiratory failure is the inability of the lungs to diffuse adequate oxygen into the blood.

Accepted Answer

Type I respiratory failure is also known as hypoxemic respiratory failure, which occurs when there is a deficiency of oxygen in the blood despite adequate ventilation of the lungs. This is often caused by a disruption in the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood due to factors such as pneumonia, pulmonary edema, or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Type II respiratory failure, on the other hand, is also known as hypercapnic respiratory failure, which occurs when there is an inability to remove carbon dioxide from the blood due to impaired lung function.

Question 12

The volume of a gas determines whether it is lighter than or heavier than air.

Accepted Answer

The density of a gas, not its volume, determines whether it is lighter or heavier than air. Density is a property that depends on the gas's molecular weight and temperature, not its volume.

Question 13

An occlusion of the pulmonary artery by a blood thrombus or other obstacle is called a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A pulmonary embolism is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs caused by a blood clot or other obstruction. Option A, lipidic embolism, is not a commonly used term, and option B, oxygenated embolism, is incorrect as a pulmonary embolism can occur with either oxygenated or deoxygenated blood. Option D, thrombic embolism, is not specific enough as a thrombus (blood clot) is one possible cause of an embolism, but not the only one.

Question 14

While the presence of acrylic nails does not interfere with pulse oximetry readings, the presence of blue, green, or black nail polish may interfere with the pulse oximeter.

Accepted Answer

The presence of certain nail polish colors can interfere with the accuracy of pulse oximetry readings, but acrylic nails alone do not impact the readings.

Question 15

Functionally, pneumonia acts to increase dead space, that area in the lungs where gas does not exchange.

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia causes inflammation and fluid build-up in the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs, which can increase dead space and decrease gas exchange.

Question 16

The total oxygen content of the blood is a combination of the amount of oxygen carried in hemoglobin and the amount of oxygen dissolved in blood.

Accepted Answer

This is correct. Hemoglobin can bind to oxygen and transport it throughout the body, but there is also a small amount of oxygen that can dissolve directly in the blood plasma. The total oxygen content of blood is the sum of these two sources of oxygen.

Question 17

If a patient is on the summit of a mountain at a height greater than 5,500 m, then barometric pressure would be twice of that pressure at sea level.

Accepted Answer

The barometric pressure at a height greater than 5,500 m would not be twice the pressure at sea level. It would be significantly lower due to the decrease in atmospheric pressure at higher altitudes.

Question 18

The ____ of oxygen for hemoglobin is the tendency for it to chemically react with and bind to hemoglobin in an endothermic redox reaction.

Accepted Answer

The term that describes the tendency for oxygen to react with and bind to hemoglobin is the "affinity" of oxygen for hemoglobin.

Question 19

The traditional triad of symptoms that indicate PE in a patient includes unexplained dyspnea, pleuritic type chest pain, and hemoptysis.

Accepted Answer

These are the classic symptoms, but not all patients with PE present with all three symptoms.

Question 20

The net difference between two pressures creates a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

The net difference between two pressures creates a pressure gradient, which is the change in pressure over distance. This gradient drives the flow of fluids or gases from high pressure to low pressure.

Quiz 8: Disorders of Oxygenation