Question 1

Hypoglycemia in children is the same as in adults.

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia in children can present differently and may have different causes compared to adults. Children, especially very young ones, may not be able to communicate symptoms effectively, and their bodies may respond differently to low blood sugar levels.

Question 2

Large amount of urine production that forces the patient to void often is a condition called ____.

Accepted Answer

Polyuria is the condition where the patient produces a large amount of urine and has to void often. Polyphagia is excessive hunger, polydipsia is excess thirst, and polyphasia is not a medical term.

Question 3

____ is a chemical compound composed of long chains of glucose molecules connected together.

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate that is composed of long chains of glucose molecules connected together. Glucose, insulin, and adrenaline are not composed of long chains of glucose molecules.

Question 4

____ results from an increase in blood sugar that pulls fluids from tissues into the blood stream causing the body to send out signals that the patient should start to increase water intake.

Accepted Answer

Polydipsia is excessive thirst and results from an increase in blood sugar that pulls fluids from tissues into the bloodstream causing the body to send out signals that the patient should start to increase water intake.

Question 5

____ is defined as an elevation in a woman's blood glucose levels that begins during pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

Gestational diabetes is a specific type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy, resulting in high blood sugar levels. It typically resolves after the baby is born but can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Options C and D refer to processes related to glucose metabolism, but they are not specific to gestational diabetes. Option A refers to a more general diagnosis of diabetes that may or may not be related to pregnancy.

Question 6

Approximately half of all daily caloric intake is in the form of carbohydrates, both simple and complex.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, carbohydrates should make up about 45-65% of daily caloric intake, and both simple and complex carbohydrates contribute to this total.

Question 7

____ are the main fuel source for the human body.

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are the main fuel source for the human body. They are broken down into glucose, which is used by the body for energy. While proteins and fats can also be used for energy, they are not the primary fuel source and are typically only used when carbohydrate stores are low. Glucose, which is a type of carbohydrate, is the quickest and most efficient source of energy for the body.

Question 8

As individual cells come into contact with blood, and the blood glucose therein, they use the hormone ____ to help transport the glucose from the bloodstream into the cell, where it is then used as an energy source.

Accepted Answer

Insulin is the hormone responsible for regulating the uptake of glucose by cells. When blood glucose levels rise, beta cells in the pancreas release insulin into the bloodstream, which stimulates cells to take up glucose and use it for energy. Without insulin, cells would be unable to use the glucose in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels and a range of health problems.

Question 9

Rapid-acting insulin may be used when a patient's blood glucose fluctuates quickly; this patient is sometimes referred to as a "____."

Accepted Answer

A brittle diabetic is a patient whose blood glucose levels fluctuate rapidly and unpredictably, making it difficult to manage their diabetes. Rapid-acting insulin may be used to help manage these rapid changes.

Question 10

Glucagon is secreted in response to high blood glucose levels.

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is actually secreted in response to low blood glucose levels. Its main function is to stimulate the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream, thereby increasing blood glucose levels. In contrast, insulin is secreted in response to high blood glucose levels and facilitates glucose uptake and storage in cells, thereby decreasing blood glucose levels.

Question 11

The American Diabetes Association estimates that approximately 20% of pregnant women are diagnosed with gestational diabetes.

Accepted Answer

The American Diabetes Association estimates that about 6-9% of pregnant women are diagnosed with gestational diabetes, not 20%.

Question 12

Insulin prevents the body from breaking down muscles (i.e., catabolism) for use as a source of energy.

Accepted Answer

Insulin is an anabolic hormone that promotes the building of tissues and storage of energy, while inhibiting catabolism (breakdown) of tissues such as muscle.

Question 13

Glucagon is produced in beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is actually produced in alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, not beta cells. Beta cells produce insulin.

Question 14

____ is the main substrate (source) for energy production in the human body and is utilized by every organ system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____ is the main substrate (source) for...

Question 15

____ is produced in the beta cells within the islets of Langerhans found in the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

Insulin is produced in the beta cells within the islets of Langerhans found in the pancreas.

Question 16

The treatment for HONKS and DKA is essentially the same in the prehospital setting.

Accepted Answer

The treatment for HONKS (Hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome) and DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) involves fluid resuscitation, electrolyte replacement, and insulin administration to bring down blood sugar levels. Therefore, the treatment in the prehospital setting for both conditions would be similar. However, it is important to note that the underlying causes of HONKS and DKA may differ and require further management once the patient reaches the hospital.

Question 17

Paramedics seldom encounter patients with disorders of glucose metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Paramedics frequently encounter patients with disorders of glucose metabolism such as diabetes, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia. These conditions can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not managed properly.

Question 18

Both the mobilization and synthesis of glucose is directed by the hormone ____.

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is the hormone that directs both the mobilization and synthesis of glucose. It stimulates the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis) in the liver and the release of glucose into the bloodstream. It also promotes the production of glucose (gluconeogenesis) from non-carbohydrate sources like fats and amino acids. Therefore, it is an important hormone in maintaining normal blood glucose levels. Insulin, on the other hand, helps lower blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake and utilization of glucose by cells. Leptin is a hormone that regulates energy balance and body weight, while glycerol is a component of fats that can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis.

Question 19

The typical range of blood glucose in the body is between a low of 70 to 80 mg/dL and a high of 120 and 140 mg/dL.

Accepted Answer

The typical range of blood glucose in the body is indeed between a low of 70 to 80 mg/dL (fasting or before meals) and a high of 120 to 140 mg/dL after meals, which is considered normal to maintain healthy bodily functions.

Question 20

As much as a 15% variation can exist between glucose readings obtained from whole blood versus glucose readings obtained from plasma.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Glucose readings obtained from plasma are typically about 10-15% higher than readings obtained from whole blood due to differences in the amount of water present in the two samples. Therefore, if comparing glucose readings from different sources, it is important to ensure that they are all measured using the same type of sample (either whole blood or plasma).

Quiz 13: Disturbances of Glucose Metabolism