Question 1

____ is an inflammation of a bursa sac, often from repetitive motion and stress on that joint.

Accepted Answer

Bursitis is an inflammation of a bursa sac, which is a fluid-filled sac that helps to cushion and protect joints. It commonly occurs from repetitive motion and stress on that joint. Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection, tendonitis is an inflammation of a tendon, and arthritis is an inflammation of a joint.

Question 2

____ is the breakdown of muscle is a condition that is most often associated with crush injury, electrical injury, or prolonged soft tissue compression.

Accepted Answer

Rhabdomyolysis is the breakdown of muscle tissue that can occur due to a variety of reasons such as crush injury, electrical injury or prolonged tissue compression. It releases myoglobin into the bloodstream that can cause kidney damage if not treated promptly. Flexor tenosynovitis is a condition where tendons and their protective sheaths become inflamed, while osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone and bursitis is an inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs that cushion the joints.

Question 3

____ is a network of smaller vessels that can keep blood flowing to an extremity around an injury or occlusion.

Accepted Answer

Collateral circulation refers to the network of smaller vessels that can keep blood flowing to an extremity around an injury or occlusion. This helps to prevent tissue damage and maintain oxygenation and nutrient supply to the affected area.

Question 4

When a blood clot develops in the deeper and larger extremity veins, this is called a ____.

Accepted Answer

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot in the deep veins of the body, usually in the legs. It can lead to serious complications such as pulmonary embolism if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Choice A (deep femoral thrombosis) is a type of DVT that affects the deep vein in the thigh. Choice B (DVTE) is an abbreviation for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, which are often seen together. Choice C (interior venous embolism) is not a commonly used medical term.

Question 5

In most instances, treatment of acute extremity pain consists of support and comfort.

Accepted Answer

Acute extremity pain treatment typically involves providing support and comfort measures rather than more invasive interventions, such as surgery or medications. This may include rest, immobilization, ice or heat therapy, and mild pain relievers. In some cases, referral to a specialist or further diagnostic testing may be necessary.

Question 6

The overwhelming majority of PEs originate from an upper extremity DVT.

Accepted Answer

While upper extremity DVTs can lead to PEs, the majority of PEs actually originate from lower extremity DVTs.

Question 7

A deeper soft tissue infection that can be life-threatening is ____.

Accepted Answer

Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe soft tissue infection that spreads rapidly, affecting the fascia (connective tissue surrounding muscles, nerves, fat, and blood vessels) and can lead to tissue death. It can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Necrotizing tenosynovitis and necrotizing tendonitis are also serious infections but affect tendons and their surrounding sheath, while necrotizing cellulitis involves skin and subcutaneous tissues.

Question 8

____ is a cutaneous abscess located around a nail bed, most often in the hand.

Accepted Answer

Paronychia is a common infection of the skin that surrounds a fingernail or toenail. It is a type of cutaneous abscess that is most commonly located around the nail bed in the hand or foot. Flexor tenosynovitis is a deep infection of the flexor tendon sheath, osteomyelitis is a bone infection, and bursitis is an inflammation of the bursae (small fluid-filled sacs) that cushion the joints.

Question 9

Paramedics often use the fiour P's in assessment of a possible acute arterial occlusion: Pain, Paresthesia, Paralysis, and Pulselessness.

Accepted Answer

The correct four P's used by paramedics for assessing acute arterial occlusion are Pain, Pallor, Paresthesia, and Pulselessness. Paralysis is sometimes included as a fifth P.

Question 10

____ is a general term indicating inflammation of a joint, which can occur due to many different causes.

Accepted Answer

Arthritis is a general term indicating inflammation of a joint, which can occur due to many different causes. Bursitis refers to inflammation of the bursae (small fluid-filled sacs) located around joints, Rhabdomyolysis refers to the breakdown of muscle tissue that leads to the release of muscle fiber contents into the bloodstream, and Paronychia is an infection of the skin around a fingernail or toenail.

Question 11

____ is a painful syndrome that includes muscular pain, digestive disorders, chronic headaches, and even sleep disorders that may affect 3% to 6% of the population.

Accepted Answer

The syndrome described in the question is fibromyalgia, which is characterized by chronic pain, digestive issues, headaches, and sleep disturbances. While Rheumatoid arthritis and gout are both conditions that involve joint pain, they do not necessarily include the other symptoms described in the question. Inflammatory disease is also a broad category that encompasses many different conditions, so it is not a specific enough answer.

Question 12

The Paramedic's greatest concern regarding vascular disorders is the emergent conditions that present with a patient's complaint of nontraumatic extremity pain, specifically which conditions put the limb in jeopardy.

Accepted Answer

The Paramedic's greatest concern regarding vascular disorders is indeed the emergent conditions that present with a patient's complaint of nontraumatic extremity pain, as these conditions can put the limb in jeopardy. Examples of such conditions include acute arterial occlusion, deep vein thrombosis, and compartment syndrome.

Question 13

For someone who has difficulty ambulating, the patient may not be able to keep the blood moving out of the extremity and if the blood pools, it is at risk for developing a clot or thrombus in that extremity termed a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A venothromboembolus is a term used to describe a blood clot that forms in a vein, typically in the lower extremities. Patients who have difficulty ambulating may not be able to keep the blood moving out of the extremity, leading to blood pooling and potentially increasing their risk for developing a blood clot. Arterial thrombosis refers to a blood clot forming in an artery, not a vein. An embolus is a blood clot or other foreign material that travels through the bloodstream and can lodge in a blood vessel, but it does not specifically describe a clot that forms in the extremities due to immobility. Occlusion refers to a blockage or closure of a blood vessel, but does not specifically describe a clot that forms in the extremities due to immobility.

Question 14

____ is an inflammation of a tendon often caused by either a minor injury or repetitive motion of a joint.

Accepted Answer

Tendonitis is the inflammation of a tendon, typically caused by repetitive motion or a minor injury. Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection, bursitis is the inflammation of a bursa sac, and arthritis is the inflammation of a joint.

Question 15

Patients who are on chronic steroids for respiratory or inflammatory conditions are at higher risk for stress fractures from osteoporosis.

Accepted Answer

Chronic steroid use can lead to decreased bone density and a higher risk of fractures, including stress fractures.

Question 16

____ are small sacs of fluid located around the major joints that provide support and cushioning for tendons that act on that joint.

Accepted Answer

Bursa are small sacs of fluid located around the major joints that provide support and cushioning for tendons that act on that joint. Joint capsules are fibrous connective tissues that surround the joint and hold the bones together. Alveoli are small air sacs in the lungs. Acidic crystals are not related to joint support or cushioning.

Question 17

____ is an infection of the superficial layers of the skin, producing an area of redness.

Accepted Answer

Cellulitis is an infection of the superficial layers of the skin, causing redness, swelling, and warmth in the affected area.

Question 18

Streaking, called ____, can occur in a proximal direction from the area of infection, indicating its lymphatic spread.

Accepted Answer

Streaking occurs due to the spread of infection through the lymphatic vessels, a condition known as lymphangitis. Choices B, C, and D are not related to the lymphatic spread of infection.

Question 19

____ has four classic physical examination findings that include swelling of the entire digit, finger held in a flexed position, severe pain with passive extension, and tenderness and swelling localized along the tendon sheath.

Accepted Answer

The classic physical examination findings described are indicative of flexor tenosynovitis, which is an inflammation of the tendon sheath that surrounds the flexor tendons, typically in the fingers or hand. Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties, and does not typically involve swelling or specific physical examination findings. Tendonitis is an inflammation of a tendon, and while it may cause pain and swelling, it does not typically present with the finger held in a flexed position or severe pain with passive extension. Gout is a type of arthritis caused by a build-up of uric acid in the joints and typically presents with sudden, severe pain, swelling and warmth in the affected joint, and may involve redness or a fever, which are not described in the scenario.

Question 20

An area of redness caused by an infection of the superficial layers of the skin is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Erythema is a common symptom of a superficial skin infection and is characterized by a reddening of the skin. Cellulitis refers to a deeper infection in the soft tissue, lymphangitis and lymphitis refer specifically to inflammation of the lymphatic vessels and nodes.

Quiz 22: Vascular Disorders