Question 1

In the person- and family-centered care (PFCC) approach, the definition of family, as well as the degree of the family's involvement in health care, is determined by the person, provided that he or she is a legal adult and legally competent to do so.

Accepted Answer

In PFCC, the individual's preferences and definitions are prioritized, allowing them to define their family and the extent of their involvement in their healthcare decisions, as long as they are legally competent adults.

Question 2

These four core concepts comprise patient- and family-centered care, according to the Institute for Patient- and Family-Centered Care are:

Accepted Answer

The Institute for Patient- and Family-Centered Care identifies the core concepts as Respect and Dignity, Information Sharing, Participation, and Collaboration.

Question 3

The Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century report offers "10 Rules to Redesign and Improve Care." The 5 most relevant approaches are:

Accepted Answer

The correct approaches from the report include care based in continuous healing relationships, customization based on patient needs and values, patient as the source of control, shared knowledge and free flow of information, and the need for transparency. These principles focus on patient-centered care and improving healthcare quality.

Question 4

Contemporary organizations that influence health policy in the United States are making person- and family-centered care a priority in their long-term strategic agendas, validating the essential role these core concepts play in healthcare design and improvement. These include:

Accepted Answer

All the organizations listed are involved in influencing health policy and emphasize person- and family-centered care as part of their strategic agendas.

Question 5

In 2017, Dr. Anthony Digioia and Eve Shapiro published a book about transforming healthcare through co-design. The most important component of this performance improvement technique is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 2017, Dr. Anthony Digioia and Eve...

Question 6

There is no need to formulate a comprehensive PFCC-oriented community needs assessment, as the tools used in the hospital will suffice.

Accepted Answer

A comprehensive PFCC-oriented community needs assessment is necessary to address specific community needs and ensure patient- and family-centered care, which may not be fully covered by standard hospital tools.

Question 7

According to Donald Nelson, a physician and expert on quality, an organization will transform the culture only when it moves from improvement projects to improving systems. What is the correct order in which to effect systems change?

Accepted Answer

The correct order to effect systems change is: project or intervention, microsystem change, mesosystem change, macrosystem change. This is because microsystem changes are the smallest and most specific, while macrosystem changes are the largest and most general. By starting with microsystem changes, organizations can build a foundation for larger-scale change.

Question 8

The Picker Institute's Eight Dimensions of Care Measurement (Access, Respect for patients' values and preferences, Coordination of Care, Information, Communication, and Education, Physical Comfort, Emotional Support, Involvement of Friends and Family, and Preparation for Discharge and Transitions in Care) were chosen by enlightened administrators to measure critical aspects of hospital patients' experiences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Picker Institute's Eight Dimensions of Care...

Question 9

There are numerous examples in the literature showing that improved health outcomes, better allocation of resources, and greater satisfaction with the healthcare experience for the patient and family are achieved with PFCC.

Accepted Answer

Patient- and Family-Centered Care (PFCC) emphasizes collaboration among patients, families, and healthcare providers, leading to improved health outcomes, efficient resource use, and enhanced patient and family satisfaction.

Question 10

Assessing organizational culture for PFCC readiness involves:

Accepted Answer

Assessing organizational culture for PFCC (Patient and Family-Centered Care) readiness involves reviewing internal policies, focusing on organizational functioning, and understanding the culture and composition of the community, as all these factors contribute to the overall readiness for PFCC.

Question 11

According to a 2006 study conducted by the Economic and Social Research Institute for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, certain populations face greater barriers to PFCC. Which population group was not identified as experiencing barriers to PFCC according to this study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to a 2006 study conducted by...

Question 12

Which of the following are not organizational barriers to implementing person- [and family-] centered care?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are not organizational...

Question 13

PFCC implementation challenges for clinicians may include:

Accepted Answer

All the options listed are challenges that clinicians may face when implementing Patient- and Family-Centered Care (PFCC), including financial constraints, shifts in payment models, and increased regulatory requirements.

Question 14

When orienting new clinicians, physicians, and administrators it is not necessary to reinforce that all aspects of communication and decision-making should include the person (and with the person's approval) the family.

Accepted Answer

Involving the person and their family in communication and decision-making is crucial for patient-centered care, ensuring that decisions align with the patient's values and preferences.

Question 15

Patient Family Advisors (PFAs) are specially trained former patients and/or family members who can partner with hospital leadership and counsel hospital leaders on subjects such as equipment, supplies, electronic health records, signage, policies and educational materials to name few. There are core competencies for PFAs, including:

Accepted Answer

PFAs need to establish partnerships and collaborate constructively (A), as well as represent the voice of patients and maintain a teachable spirit (C).

Question 16

Core competencies for PFCC leadership and management are the same.

Accepted Answer

Core competencies for PFCC (Patient and Family-Centered Care) leadership and management may overlap but are not the same, as leadership often focuses on vision and influence, while management emphasizes organization and execution.

Question 17

One of the essential precepts in PFCC is the tenet that persons and families (as determined by the person) are true partners in care, decision-making, and setting policy. This partnership may take the following forms:

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the essential precepts in PFCC...

Question 18

For faith-based organizations, the concept of stewardship and serving others for the better good of the patients/families is called Servant Leadership.

Accepted Answer

Servant Leadership is a philosophy where leaders prioritize serving others, emphasizing the well-being and development of their team and community, aligning with the values of faith-based organizations.

Question 19

Implementing the concept of managing by values can enhance organizational effectiveness for healthcare organizations that face the following challenges except:

Accepted Answer

Raising reimbursements is not a challenge that managing by values directly addresses; it is more related to financial strategies and policies.

Question 20

Healthcare leaders working with persons and their families have begun to address social determinants of health to improve healthcare outcomes for individuals, families, and communities. Thus for care to be truly person-centered, it is imperative to truly know one's population.

Accepted Answer

Addressing social determinants of health is essential for person-centered care as it involves understanding the broader context of individuals' lives, which can significantly impact health outcomes.

Quiz 11: Person- and Family-Centered Leadership