Question 1

The principle that international courts gain jurisdiction if a national court is incapable of bringing a war criminal to trial is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

The principle of complementarity underlies the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC), allowing it to prosecute individuals for international crimes only when national courts are unwilling or unable to do so.

Question 2

The European Court of Human Rights hears petitions from citizens and governments within the _______.

Accepted Answer

The European Court of Human Rights hears petitions from citizens and governments within the Council of Europe, which is a broader organization than the European Union and includes more member states.

Question 3

The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights are both part of which organization?

Accepted Answer

The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights are both part of the Organization of American States (OAS), which is a continental organization founded on 30 April 1948 for the purposes of regional solidarity and cooperation among its member states within the Americas.

Question 4

Which of the following provides the best explanation of the limited effectiveness of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights and the still-developing African human rights regime?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following provides the best...

Question 5

The process by which human rights advocates document, publicize, and condemn human rights violations is commonly referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

Naming and shaming is the process where human rights advocates document, publicize, and condemn human rights violations to bring attention to them and pressure for change.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a transnational advocacy network?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 7

The risk of a NGO presenting inaccurate or misrepresented information with potentially little consequence to the organization is an example of the concern over NGOs' ______.

Accepted Answer

The concern highlighted is about accountability, which refers to the responsibility of NGOs to provide accurate information and the potential consequences (or lack thereof) they face if they do not. This is distinct from their legitimacy, superiority, or efficiency, which relate to different aspects of their operation and perception.

Question 8

Despite the fact that many major non-state human rights actors are based in the Global North, these NGOs claim legitimacy from the fact that ______.

Accepted Answer

These NGOs claim legitimacy by advocating for marginalized groups and amplifying the voices of those with less power and few connections.

Question 9

Although successful at shedding light on Joseph Kony, the LRA, and human rights abuses in Uganda, the NGO Invisible Children eventually disbanded due in part to ______.

Accepted Answer

Invisible Children faced significant scrutiny over its methods, financial practices, and the accuracy of its representations, leading to concerns about its credibility and how it represented the situation in Uganda and the LRA's activities.

Question 10

It is rare for the United Nations to impose general or targeted sanctions on countries that systematically abuse their citizens. For the modern human rights regime, this represents an issue of ______.

Accepted Answer

The issue is one of enforcement because the statement highlights the difficulty or rarity in imposing sanctions on countries that abuse their citizens, indicating a problem with the ability to enforce human rights norms or decisions.

Question 11

Critics often note that countries face few obstacles to opt into human rights regimes and pay few costs for not adhering to them. For the modern human rights regime, this represents an issue of ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Critics often note that countries face few...

Question 12

In countries where governments are unwilling or unable to uphold basic human rights, non-state actors such as NGOs and civil society can draw attention to abuses and influence governments to act. This is an example of the _____ of human rights regimes.

Accepted Answer

Indirect power refers to the ability of non-state actors like NGOs and civil society to influence government actions and policies regarding human rights through advocacy, awareness, and international pressure, even when they do not have direct enforcement power.

Question 13

In some countries, open political competition and civil societies can allow opposition groups to pressure governments to uphold basic human rights, but not in countries where such openness does not exist. For the modern human rights regime, this represents an issue of ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In some countries, open political competition and...

Question 14

Human rights activists seek to ensure that rights apply to all people everywhere.

Accepted Answer

Human rights activists work towards the goal of ensuring that human rights are recognized, respected, and protected universally, regardless of geographical, cultural, or political differences.

Question 15

Increasing promotion of human rights on the global scale has led to guarantees of freedom and protection.

Accepted Answer

While there has been increased promotion of human rights globally, it does not guarantee freedom and protection for all, as violations still occur in many regions.

Question 16

After World War II, the modern human rights regime has effectively superseded state sovereignty.

Accepted Answer

The modern human rights regime has not superseded state sovereignty; rather, it operates within the framework of international law, which recognizes the sovereignty of states while also setting standards for the treatment of individuals. States retain their sovereignty but are subject to international scrutiny and potential consequences for human rights violations.

Question 17

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a legally binding declaration to all states that adopted it in 1948.

Accepted Answer

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is not legally binding; it is a declaration that sets out fundamental human rights to be universally protected, serving as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and nations.

Question 18

The ICCPR encapsulates human rights such as freedom of worship, speech, and assembly.

Accepted Answer

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a key international treaty that aims to ensure the protection of civil and political rights, including the rights to freedom of worship, speech, and assembly.

Question 19

The ICESCR encapsulates human rights such as living conditions, food, and health care.

Accepted Answer

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is focused on ensuring the rights to adequate living conditions, food, health care, education, and employment, among others, for individuals.

Question 20

Regional human rights systems often have stronger enforcement mechanisms than those found at the international level.

Accepted Answer

Regional human rights systems, such as the European Court of Human Rights or the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, often have more direct enforcement mechanisms and can issue binding judgments on member states, whereas international mechanisms, like those under the United Nations, typically rely on persuasion, public pressure, or the cooperation of states to implement recommendations or decisions.

Quiz 8: Human Rights: The Challenge of Setting and Enforcing Global Norms