Question 1

If you hold up your textbook directly in front of you and turn it to reveal the sides of the pages, you continue to perceive the book as a rectangle because of this visual ability.
A) size constancy
B) shape constancy
C) linear constancy
D) color constancy

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you hold up your textbook directly...

Question 2

Brightness constancy and color constancy evolved so that our visual systems could
A)maintain perceptual constancy the changing conditions of natural light
B)perceive colors not possibly by mixing pigments
C) maintain a constant perception of the shape and size of objects
D) adjust to the lack of light that we experience at night

Accepted Answer

Brightness constancy and color constancy allow us to perceive objects as having the same level of brightness and color under varying lighting conditions, helping us maintain a stable perception of the world despite changes in natural light.

Question 3

Face recognition seems special for all of the reasons stated below, EXCEPT:
A) damage to the fusiform face area impairs facial recognition, but does not affect word or object perception.
B) it is easier to recognize an upside down object as familiar than it is to recognize an upside down face.
C) Within three days of birth, an infant shows a preference for his or her mother's face over strangers.
D) Humans are the only species to have a specialized brain area for face perception.

Accepted Answer

Humans are not the only species to have specialized brain areas for face perception; other primates and some non-primate species also have brain regions specialized for processing faces, indicating that this ability is not unique to humans.

Question 4

Which of the following is consistent with evidence for an experience-expectant process for face perception?
A) Face perception is an innate property of the fusiform face area.
B) Face perception may be impaired in children born with cataracts that prevent sensation of faces during the first weeks of life.
C) Face perception is impaired when damage, such as a stroke, occurs in and around the fusiform face area of adults.
D) Face perception is a process that develops well after birth, once the infant has enough experience with other objects.

Accepted Answer

Experience-expectant processes in brain development suggest that the brain expects certain inputs (like faces) for its normal development. B) is correct because if children are deprived of seeing faces during a critical period due to cataracts, it implies that the brain expected this input for normal development of face perception abilities, consistent with the concept of experience-expectant processes.

Question 5

What task did Simons and Chabris (1999) ask participants to perform in order to induce inattentional blindness?
A) count the number of men in gorilla suits
B) count the number of times a ping pong ball bounced on a table
C) count the number of passes made by a subset of a group of basketball players
D) count the number of times two people passed a basketball

Accepted Answer

Simons and Chabris (1999) conducted a study on inattentional blindness where participants were asked to count the number of passes made by a subset of a group of basketball players. This task was designed to focus the participants' attention so narrowly that they would fail to notice an unexpected event, such as a person in a gorilla suit walking through the scene.

Question 6

Phenomena such as change blindness and perceptual set are evidence that perception is
A)at least partly dependent on seeing the world
B) at least partly dependent on expectations and biases about the world
C) minimally dependent on our experience with the world
D) minimally dependent on the stimulation of the retina

Accepted Answer

Change blindness and perceptual set demonstrate that our perceptions are not solely based on the sensory input we receive but are significantly influenced by our expectations, knowledge, and biases about the world. This means that perception is an active process where the brain interprets sensory information based on past experiences, expectations, and cultural backgrounds, rather than just passively receiving and recording sensory data.

Question 7

When scientific methods are applied to paranormal phenomena like astrology, telepath, and clairvoyance, it is called
A) Extra-sensory perception (ESP)
B) paranormal science
C) parapsychology
D) paraphysics

Accepted Answer

Parapsychology is the field of study concerned with the investigation of paranormal and psychic phenomena using scientific methods.

Question 8

Parapsychologists are most interested in ESP and telekinesis, known as
A) phi phenomena
B) psi abilities
C) proprioception
D) sensory deprivation

Accepted Answer

Psi abilities is the term used to refer to phenomena such as ESP (extrasensory perception) and telekinesis, which are of primary interest to parapsychologists.

Question 9

The ganzfeld procedure designed to test hypotheses about telepathy involves two people: a sender who is told to concentrate on an object, and a receiver who is to receive the message about the object. The sender and receiver are in different rooms and at the end of thirty minutes the receiver is asked
A) to guess the name of the sender
B) write the name of the object "sent" by the sender
C) choose the "sent" object among four alternative stimuli
D) decide whether he or she received information from the sender

Accepted Answer

The ganzfeld procedure involves the receiver choosing the "sent" object among four alternative stimuli after the session, to see if they can pick out the correct one more often than would be expected by chance, indicating potential telepathic communication.

Question 10

Sensation describes the act of integrating sensory stimulation while perception is the actual raw stimulation of sensory receptors.

Accepted Answer

Sensation is the actual raw stimulation of sensory receptors, while perception is the act of integrating, organizing, and interpreting that sensory stimulation.

Question 11

Subliminal perception has been shown to result in behavior changes in experiments with adults.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Subliminal perception has been shown to result...

Question 12

The majority of cones in the retina are found in the fovea, while very few rods are in that area.

Accepted Answer

The fovea is densely packed with cones, which are responsible for high-resolution vision and color perception, and contains very few rods, which are more sensitive to light and are important for peripheral and night vision.

Question 13

It is in the visual cortex that sensations of touch relayed from the hands and fingers are interpreted as visual images by blind people.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is in the visual cortex that...

Question 14

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, colors are mixed in three opposing pairs: blue or yellow, red or green, and black or white, by specialized cells in the retina and thalamus.

Accepted Answer

The trichromatic theory of color vision, proposed by Young and Helmholtz, suggests that the human eye has three types of receptors sensitive to red, green, and blue light, not opposing pairs of colors. The concept of opposing colors is part of the opponent-process theory proposed by Hering, which describes how colors are processed at a neural level beyond the retina.

Question 15

The fluid of the cochlea vibrates in response to the sound waves transmitted to the oval window, and this vibration causes rippling in the basilar membrane that houses the auditory receptors.

Accepted Answer

The fluid within the cochlea vibrates in response to sound waves transmitted through the oval window, causing the basilar membrane to ripple. This movement of the basilar membrane is crucial for the activation of hair cells, the auditory receptors, which then transduce mechanical sound vibrations into electrical signals for the brain to interpret as sound.

Question 16

Odorants are hormone-like chemicals excreted in various ways, and act as "communications," often related to mating, aggression, and parenting.

Accepted Answer

Odorants are chemicals that give off a smell and are not hormone-like. They can be involved in communication among animals, including humans, for various purposes, but they are distinct from hormones, which are chemical messengers within the body.

Question 17

When one's nose is stuffed and molecules cannot contact the epithelium, we may perceive taste, but have no perception of flavor of the food that we're eating.

Accepted Answer

Taste is primarily sensed by the taste buds on the tongue, while flavor is a combination of taste and smell. When the nose is stuffed and molecules cannot reach the olfactory epithelium, the perception of flavor is diminished, but the basic tastes (sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami) can still be perceived by the tongue.

Question 18

All of the monkeys in Harry Harlow's studies strongly preferred the terrycloth mother regardless of which provided food, which strongly imply that primates depend upon touch as a way of developing bonds of affection in infancy.

Accepted Answer

Harry Harlow's experiments with rhesus monkeys showed that the infants preferred the comfort of a terrycloth "mother" over a wire "mother" that provided food, demonstrating the importance of physical comfort and touch in the formation of maternal bonds and social development.

Question 19

The perception of "cold" is experienced under two conditions: when receptors for falling temperatures are stimulated, or when receptors for rising and decreasing temperatures are stimulated simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The perception of "cold" is experienced under...

Question 20

Second pain is a throbbing, burning, radiating sensation that is not as localized as first pain. Second pain also has more impact on learning and motivation than first pain.

Accepted Answer

Second pain, mediated by slower-conducting C fibers, is characterized by a throbbing, burning, radiating sensation that is less localized than the sharp, immediate pain (first pain) transmitted by faster A-delta fibers. This second pain is more closely associated with emotional processing and can have a greater impact on learning and motivation, as it is processed by the brain in a way that contributes to the avoidance of similar painful stimuli in the future.

Quiz 5: Perception and the Senses

If you hold up your textbook directly in front of you and turn it to reveal the sides of the pages, you continue to perceive the book as a rectangle because of this visual ability.

Brightness constancy and color constancy evolved so that our visual systems could

Face recognition seems special for all of the reasons stated below, EXCEPT:

Which of the following is consistent with evidence for an experience-expectant process for face perception?

What task did Simons and Chabris (1999) ask participants to perform in order to induce inattentional blindness?

Phenomena such as change blindness and perceptual set are evidence that perception is

When scientific methods are applied to paranormal phenomena like astrology, telepath, and clairvoyance, it is called

Parapsychologists are most interested in ESP and telekinesis, known as