Question 1

The treatment implication of the cognitive approach is that steps should be taken to:
A) Treat disorders using drugs
B)Uncover repressed memories
C)Replace distorted thoughts with rational thoughts
D)Inhibit the client
E)Encourage self-actualisation

Accepted Answer

The cognitive approach focuses on identifying and changing distorted or irrational thought patterns, beliefs, and attitudes. The goal is to replace these with more rational, realistic thoughts to improve psychological well-being.

Question 2

Which of these is NOT a weakness of the cognitive approach of abnormality?
A)The faulty thinking may be the effect and not the cause of the disorder
B)Distorted beliefs are ignored
C)Social factors are ignored
D)Genetic factors are ignored
E)Emotional factors are ignored

Accepted Answer

The cognitive approach does not ignore distorted beliefs; rather, it focuses on how faulty thinking and distorted perceptions can lead to psychological disorders.

Question 3

Major depressive disorder can be treated with:
A)Benzodiazepines
B)Lithium
C)Neuroleptics
D)SSRIs
E)None of these drugs

Accepted Answer

SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) are commonly used to treat major depressive disorder by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which can improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression.

Question 4

Which of the following statements does NOT describe ECT accurately?
A)Strong muscle relaxants are given
B)ECT is mainly used in the treatment of major depressive disorder
C)The current is usually passed through the dominant hemisphere only
D)Anaesthetic is used
E)For some patients ECT is a more effective treatment than anti-depressant drugs

Accepted Answer

ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy) typically involves passing an electric current through both hemispheres of the brain, not just the dominant hemisphere. This is done to induce a brief seizure, which is believed to have a therapeutic effect on certain mental health conditions.

Question 5

In psychoanalysis, the therapist attempts to gain access to:
A)Significant others
B)Hurtful conscious thoughts
C)Family members
D)Repressed ideas
E)All of these

Accepted Answer

In psychoanalysis, the therapist aims to uncover and address repressed ideas and thoughts that are affecting the patient's current behavior and mental state. This approach focuses on the unconscious mind.

Question 6

Problems with psychoanalysis as therapy include:
A)Transference does not seem to aid recovery
B)Focusing on childhood experiences and ignoring later ones
C)The insight gained may be the consequence and not the cause of recovery
D)The therapist's influence may affect the client's early memories
E)All of these

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis as a therapeutic approach has been criticized for several reasons, all of which are listed in the options. Transference, while a key component of psychoanalytic therapy, may not directly aid recovery. The focus on childhood experiences to the exclusion of later life events can overlook significant factors affecting the individual's current mental health. The insight gained through psychoanalysis may indeed be a consequence of recovery rather than its cause, suggesting that other factors may be at play in the patient's improvement. Lastly, the therapist's influence can indeed affect the client's recollection and interpretation of early memories, potentially biasing the therapeutic process.

Question 7

The therapy which pairs deep relaxation with gradually working through a fear hierarchy in order to overcome the phobia is known as:
A)Systematic desensitisation
B)Exposure therapy
C)Cognitive therapy
D)Biofeedback
E)Talking therapy

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization involves pairing relaxation techniques with exposure to the feared object or situation in a gradual manner, starting from the least to the most frightening scenarios, to help individuals overcome their phobias.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an underlying assumption of cognitive behavioural therapy?
A)The therapist must help the client clarify and change how she or he thinks about themselves and their world
B)Clients show interpretive bias
C)Thoughts, behaviours and feeling are all inter-related
D)Thinking is more important than behaviours
E)Changes in both thinking and behaviour need to be achieved

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) does not assume that thinking is more important than behaviors. Instead, it posits that thoughts, behaviors, and feelings are interconnected, and changes in thinking and behavior are both crucial for therapy to be effective.

Question 9

The central notion of the cognitive approach is that mental disorders may result from:
A)Overuse of drugs
B)Dysfunctional family interaction
C)Unconscious sexual motives
D)Pre-natal hormones
E)Distorted thoughts

Accepted Answer

The cognitive approach to psychology emphasizes the role of mental processes in understanding behavior. It suggests that distorted or irrational thoughts can lead to mental disorders, making choice E the correct answer. This approach focuses on how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems, and it posits that dysfunctional thinking is a primary cause of psychological distress and disorders.

Question 10

According to Watson and Rayner (1920), how are phobias acquired?
A)Through operant conditioning
B)Through classical conditioning
C)Through genetic inheritance
D)Through psycho-social complexes
E)Through faulty thinking

Accepted Answer

Watson and Rayner (1920) demonstrated that phobias could be acquired through classical conditioning in their famous experiment with Little Albert, where they conditioned a fear response to a previously neutral stimulus.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of Rosenhan and Seligman's (1989) seven features of abnormality?
A)Vividness and unconventionality of behaviour
B)Maladaptiveness
C)Suffering
D)Observer discomfort
E)Awareness of disorder by sufferer

Accepted Answer

Rosenhan and Seligman's seven features of abnormality include vividness and unconventionality of behaviour, maladaptiveness, suffering, and observer discomfort, but not awareness of disorder by the sufferer.

Question 12

The problem with Rosenhan and Seligman's (1989) seven features of abnormality is that:
A)Behaviour that violates one person's moral standards may be consistent with another's moral standards
B)They involve subjective judgement
C)Behaviour causing discomfort to one person may not affect another
D)Many of the terms apply to nonconformists
E)All of these

Accepted Answer

Rosenhan and Seligman's seven features of abnormality include criteria that are inherently subjective, such as violations of moral standards, discomfort caused by certain behaviors, and the application of terms to nonconformists. These features can vary greatly between individuals and cultures, making them all valid concerns regarding the definition of abnormality.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of Jahoda's characteristics of ideal mental health?
A)High moral standard
B)Self-actualisation
C)Functioning independent of social influences
D)Having an accurate perception of reality
E)Being successful and well-adapted

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT one...

Question 14

The biological approach suggests that mental disorders can be caused by:
A)Biochemical factors
B)Genetic factors
C)Problems with neuroanatomy
D)Infections
E)All of these

Accepted Answer

The biological approach to mental disorders considers a range of biological factors as potential causes, including biochemical imbalances, genetic predispositions, abnormalities in brain structure or function, and infections that can affect the brain.

Question 15

What is the basic assumption in the biological approach of abnormal behaviour?
A)All mental disorders are genetically inherited
B)Mental disorders should not be considered from a psychological view
C)Mental disorders resemble physical diseases
D)There are clear distinctions between physical and psychological disorders
E)Most people have some form of mental disorder

Accepted Answer

The biological approach to abnormal behavior assumes that mental disorders are similar to physical diseases, focusing on the biological and physiological basis for mental disorders, such as genetics, brain chemistry, and brain structure.

Question 16

Which approach explains our behaviour in terms of ""unconscious conflicts""?
A)Psychodynamic approach
B)Evolutionary approach
C)Biological approach
D)Behavioural approach
E)Diathesis-stress approach

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic approach, founded by Sigmund Freud, explains our behavior in terms of unconscious conflicts, desires, and memories. It emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior.

Question 17

An important feature of Freud's theory of mental disorders is:
A)Learning mechanisms
B)Defiance systems
C)Diplomacy mechanisms
D)Defence mechanisms
E)Discordance systems

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory of mental disorders prominently features the concept of defense mechanisms. These are unconscious psychological strategies brought into play by various entities within the mind to manipulate, deny, or distort reality in order to defend against feelings of anxiety and unacceptable impulses, maintaining psychological homeostasis.

Question 18

The fundamental assumption of the behavioural approach of mental disorders is that they are:
A)Learned and they can therefore be unlearned
B)Innate
C)Impossible to treat
D)Universal
E)Chemically based

Accepted Answer

The behavioral approach to mental disorders is based on the principle that behaviors are learned through interactions with the environment. Therefore, if maladaptive behaviors can be learned, they can also be unlearned through therapy.

Question 19

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy has a good track record of treating:
A)All of these
B)Panic disorder
C)Major depressive disorder
D)Post-traumatic stress disorder
E)Anxiety disorders

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is effective in treating a wide range of mental health conditions, including Panic disorder, Major depressive disorder, Post-traumatic stress disorder, and Anxiety disorders, making "All of these" the correct choice.

Quiz 6: Approaches and Treatments for Abnormal Behaviour

The treatment implication of the cognitive approach is that steps should be taken to:

Which of these is NOT a weakness of the cognitive approach of abnormality?

Major depressive disorder can be treated with:

Which of the following statements does NOT describe ECT accurately?

In psychoanalysis, the therapist attempts to gain access to:

Problems with psychoanalysis as therapy include:

The therapy which pairs deep relaxation with gradually working through a fear hierarchy in order to overcome the phobia is known as:

Which of the following is NOT an underlying assumption of cognitive behavioural therapy?

The central notion of the cognitive approach is that mental disorders may result from:

According to Watson and Rayner (1920) , how are phobias acquired?

Which of the following is NOT one of Rosenhan and Seligman's (1989) seven features of abnormality?

The problem with Rosenhan and Seligman's (1989) seven features of abnormality is that:

Which of the following is NOT one of Jahoda's characteristics of ideal mental health?

The biological approach suggests that mental disorders can be caused by:

What is the basic assumption in the biological approach of abnormal behaviour?

Which approach explains our behaviour in terms of ""unconscious conflicts""?

An important feature of Freud's theory of mental disorders is:

The fundamental assumption of the behavioural approach of mental disorders is that they are:

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy has a good track record of treating: