Question 1

Recent data gathered by the U.S.Census Bureau indicate that approximately __________ percent of the people in this country speak a language other than English at home.

Accepted Answer

According to recent data from the U.S. Census Bureau, approximately 20 percent of people in the United States speak a language other than English at home. This statistic indicates the diversity of languages and cultures present in the country.

Question 2

In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005,many people in the United States were more willing to make generous contributions to help the survivors of this natural disaster than they were to help the long-term homeless and disadvantaged throughout the United States.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of value contradiction because individuals may value helping those affected by a recent disaster more highly than helping those who have experienced long-term homelessness or disadvantage, even though both groups may be in need of assistance. This contrast in values creates a contradiction in how individuals choose to allocate their resources towards charitable giving.

Question 3

__________ are collective ideas about what is right or wrong,good or bad,and desirable or undesirable in a particular culture.

Accepted Answer

Beliefs refer to specific ideas or convictions that a person or group holds to be true, while norms are rules of behavior that reflect and enforce values. Assumptions are beliefs that are taken for granted and may not be explicitly stated. Values are the broadest and most abstract of the options given, encompassing collective ideas about what is good or desirable in a particular culture.

Question 4

Eric is attending classes at the local college.He believes in the idea of success,but he does not spend as much time as he could studying to achieve a higher grade point average.His behavior is an example of __________ culture.

Accepted Answer

Eric's behavior is an example of real culture, which refers to actual behaviors and practices observed in a society, even if they do not necessarily align with the ideal culture (what people believe they should do) or the universal culture (shared values and beliefs across societies).

Question 5

According to sociologist Robin Williams,__________ is an American core value that emphasizes helpfulness,personal kindness,aid in mass disasters,and organized philanthropy.

Accepted Answer

The given core value as emphasized by Robin Williams includes language that relates to morality and humanitarianism. The values of helpfulness, personal kindness, and aid in disasters all demonstrate a concern for the well-being and needs of others, which falls under the domain of morality and humanitarianism. Organized philanthropy is also closely related to this value as it involves charitable acts for the benefit of others. Therefore, the correct choice is D - morality and humanitarianism.

Question 6

Not all norms are of equal importance; __________ are written down and involve specific punishments for violators.Laws are the most common type; they have been codified and may be enforced by sanctions.

Accepted Answer

Formal norms are written down and have specific punishments for violators. Laws are the most common form of formal norm. Informal norms are unwritten and do not have specific punishments for violators. Real norms and ideal norms are not categories of norms.

Question 7

____________ refers to the values and standards of behavior that people actually follow.

Accepted Answer

Real culture refers to the actual values and behaviors that people follow, which may differ from the ideal culture that a society aspires to. Material culture refers to the physical objects created by a society, while universal culture refers to cultural elements that appear in every society.

Question 8

Children learn about their cultural heritage and develop a sense of personal identity in relationship to their group through __________.

Accepted Answer

Language is a key tool for transmitting cultural heritage, including traditions, values, beliefs, and history. Through language, children can learn about their cultural heritage and develop a sense of identity in relation to their community. This includes developing a sense of belonging, understanding their place in the world, and appreciating the diversity of perspectives and experiences that make up their culture. Nonverbal communication and osmosis do play a role in cultural learning, but language is the primary means of transmitting cultural knowledge and values. Innovation is not necessarily linked to cultural heritage or identity formation.

Question 9

According to sociologist Robin Williams,a belief in the idea that "the American way of life" is best illustrates the core value of ____________.

Accepted Answer

Robin Williams identified "racism and group superiority" as a core value that reflects the belief in the superiority of the American way of life over others.

Question 10

____________ refers to the values and standards of behavior that people in society profess to hold.

Accepted Answer

Ideal culture refers to the values and standards of behavior that a society believes should be upheld, often reflected in laws and norms. It may not align with the actual behaviors and practices of individuals in a society, which is known as real culture. Material culture refers to the physical objects and artifacts that define a society, while universal culture refers to cultural features that are present in all societies.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an example of a way in which language may create and reinforce negative perceptions about race and ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

The "voice" of verbs may actually de-emphasize the importance of the activities and achievements of people of color, rather than overemphasize them. This is because passive voice often removes the subject from the action, making it seem as though things "just happened" rather than being the result of intentional effort by an individual or group. This can contribute to a perception that people of color are not actively making contributions, but rather are simply lucky to have things go their way.

Question 12

According to sociologist Robin Williams,we cherish the core value of _________,which is conveyed by the idea that Americans believe that people are responsible for their own success or failure.

Accepted Answer

According to sociologist Robin Williams, the core value of individualism is conveyed by the idea that Americans believe people are responsible for their own success or failure. This value emphasizes personal autonomy, self-reliance, and independent achievement.

Question 13

An example of the discrepancy between ideal cultural values and people's actual behavior was conducted at the University of Arizona.This study is known as the:

Accepted Answer

The Garbage Project was conducted at the University of Arizona in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It revealed a discrepancy between people's stated beliefs about waste reduction and their actual behavior regarding waste disposal. The study analyzed garbage from households and found that people were not following through with their proclaimed values of recycling and reducing waste.

Question 14

Values provide ideals of beliefs about behavior but do not state explicitly how we should behave.__________ are established rules of behavior or standards of conduct.

Accepted Answer

Values provide a framework for behavior but norms are the specific rules of behavior that guide our actions. Mores refer to deeply held values that are seen as essential to the well-being of society. Folkways are more casual conventions that govern everyday behavior. Sanctions are consequences (positive or negative) for following or breaking norms.

Question 15

__________ state what behavior is inappropriate or unacceptable.Laws that prohibit us from driving over the speed limit and "good manners" that preclude you from reading a newspaper during class are examples.

Accepted Answer

Proscriptive norms specify what behavior is prohibited or unacceptable, such as laws against speeding or social norms against disruptive behavior in a classroom setting. Nonstandard norms refer to behaviors that are not commonly accepted but are not necessarily prohibited, while prescriptive norms prescribe appropriate behavior. Subscriptive norms are not a recognized norm category.

Question 16

The belief that shared values are essential for societies to survive would be representative of what theoretical perspective?

Accepted Answer

The belief that shared values are essential for societies to survive aligns with the functionalist perspective, which emphasizes the importance of social order, stability, and consensus in societies. Functionalists argue that shared values and norms help to maintain social cohesion and ensure that individuals work towards common goals, which in turn promotes social integration and stability.

Question 17

The view that language is a source of power and social control and that it perpetuates inequalities between people and between groups because words are used to "keep people in their place" is representative of what theoretical perspective?

Accepted Answer

The view that language perpetuates inequalities and is used as a tool of power and social control is a key tenet of the conflict perspective in sociology.

Question 18

Many Latinos/as in New Mexico and South Texas employ __________ (proverbs or sayings that are unique to the Spanish language) as a means of expressing themselves and as a reflection of their cultural heritage.

Accepted Answer

The word commonly used to describe proverbs or sayings unique to the Spanish language is "dichos." Therefore, option A is the correct answer. "Machos" refers to males and has no relevance to this context. "Notas" means notes and "memos" means memorandums, neither of which are related to proverbs or sayings in Spanish.

Question 19

The English language ignores women by using the masculine form:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The English language ignores women by using...

Question 20

__________ norms state what behavior is appropriate or acceptable.For example,persons making a certain amount of money are expected to file a tax return and pay any taxes they owe.

Accepted Answer

Prescriptive norms specify what behaviors are expected or required in certain situations, and often involve social or legal consequences if not followed. In the example given, the norm is that individuals who earn a certain amount of money are required to file a tax return and pay taxes, and failure to do so can result in legal consequences.

Quiz 3: Culture