Question 1

Various organizations of gays, lesbians, and transgendered persons have been unified in their desire to reduce hate crimes and other forms of __________-the extreme prejudice directed at gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and others who are perceived as not being heterosexual.

Accepted Answer

The blank refers to prejudice directed towards non-heterosexual individuals. Homophobia specifically refers to prejudice directed towards homosexuals, but is often used as an umbrella term for all non-heterosexual individuals. Cynophobia refers to the fear of dogs, heterophobia would refer to prejudice directed towards heterosexual individuals (which is not the case here), and androgyny refers to having both male and female characteristics.

Question 2

At puberty, an increased production of hormones results in the development of __________, the physical traits (other than reproductive organs) that identify an individual's sex.

Accepted Answer

Primary sex characteristics are the reproductive organs, while secondary sex characteristics are the physical traits that develop at puberty and are not directly involved in reproduction, such as breast development in females and facial hair growth in males. Hormonal correlates refers to the relationship between hormones and behavior, which is not directly relevant to this question. Tertiary sex characteristics are not a commonly recognized category of sex characteristics.

Question 3

Regarding women's and men's body images, which of the following statements is not true?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women of all racial/ethnic groups, classes, and sexual orientations tend to perceive their weight as a crucial index of their acceptability to others, which may have a negative impact on their self-esteem and body image. Thus, statement D is not true.

Question 4

Sex is not always clear-cut. Occasionally, a hormone imbalance before birth produces a __________-a person in whom sexual differentiation is ambiguous or incomplete.

Accepted Answer

The term "hermaphrodite" refers to a person with ambiguous or incomplete sexual differentiation, meaning their physical anatomy may have both male and female reproductive organs or features. This is caused by a hormone imbalance before birth, and does not necessarily indicate a specific gender identity or sexual orientation. "Transsexual" refers to a person who identifies and transitions to a different gender than the one assigned at birth, "transvestite" refers to a person who wears clothing traditionally associated with the opposite gender, and "homosexual" refers to a person who is attracted to the same gender.

Question 5

In a definitive study of sexuality in the mid-1990s, researchers at the University of Chicago established three criteria for identifying people as homosexual or bisexual. Which of the following is not one of the criteria identified?

Accepted Answer

The three criteria identified were sexual attraction to persons of one's own gender, sexual involvement with one or more persons of one's own gender, and self-identification as a gay, lesbian, or bisexual. Having engaged in a homosexual encounter at a young age was not listed as one of the criteria.

Question 6

A male who lives as a woman, or a female who lives as a man but does not alter the genitalia is referred to as a __________.

Accepted Answer

A transvestite is someone who dresses and lives as a member of the opposite sex but does not necessarily undergo surgery to alter their genitalia.

Question 7

Some people may be genetically of one sex but have a gender identity of the other. This is true for a __________, a person in whom the sex-related structure of the brain that defines gender identity is opposite from the physical sex organs of the person's body.

Accepted Answer

The term "transsexual" refers to a person who identifies as a gender different from the sex they were assigned at birth. This can include individuals who are genetically one sex but have a gender identity of the other. Hermaphrodite refers to a person with both male and female reproductive organs, while transvestite refers to someone who enjoys dressing in clothing typically associated with the opposite sex. Homosexual refers to a person who is romantically and sexually attracted to people of the same sex.

Question 8

__________ is the process of treating people as if they were things, not human beings. Typically, this occurs when we judge people on the basis of their physical appearance rather than on the basis of their individual qualities or actions.

Accepted Answer

Objectification is the process of treating people as if they were objects, rather than as human beings with their own individual qualities and characteristics. It often involves judging individuals based solely on their physical appearance, rather than considering their intelligence, skills, and other attributes. Reification, on the other hand, refers to the process of treating abstract concepts or constructs as if they were concrete objects, while mechanization and technological stereotyping refer specifically to the replacement of human labor with technology.

Question 9

Which of the following would not be an example of secondary sex characteristics in men?

Accepted Answer

The penis is a primary sex characteristic as it is directly involved in reproduction. Secondary sex characteristics are traits that develop during puberty and are not directly involved in reproduction, such as a more muscular build, deeper voice, and more body and facial hair.

Question 10

Women are seen as "all alike" and are easily ignored. This represents

Accepted Answer

The answer of Women are seen as "all alike" and...

Question 11

In relation to general aspects of objectification of women, which of the following was not identified as an element?

Accepted Answer

The other three options describe common aspects of objectification of women, but option C does not fit this pattern. Women are often not seen as independent but rather as a monolithic group, reduced to their gender and sexual characteristics.

Question 12

At the core of the differences between gender and sex is the chromosomal information transmitted at the moment a child is conceived. An "XX" chromosome pairing would indicate what?

Accepted Answer

An "XX" chromosome pairing indicates a female embryo.

Question 13

At birth, male and female infants are distinguished by __________, the genitalia used in the reproductive process.

Accepted Answer

Primary sex characteristics refer to the reproductive organs that differentiate males and females at birth. Tertiary sex characteristics refer to other physical and physiological features that develop during puberty, such as breast growth or facial hair. Cultural tendencies may influence gender roles and behaviors, but do not determine biological sex. Secondary sex characteristics, such as deepened voice or increased muscle mass, also typically develop during puberty but are not used to distinguish between male and female infants at birth.

Question 14

__________ refers to the biological and anatomical differences between females and males.

Accepted Answer

Sex refers to the biological and anatomical differences between females and males, such as reproductive organs, chromosomes, and hormones. Primary and secondary distinctions are not commonly used terms in reference to these differences. Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, and attributes that are considered appropriate for males and females in a particular society or culture.

Question 15

A chromosomally normal (XY) male was born with a penis just one centimeter long and a urinary opening similar to that of a female. This individual would be referred to as a

Accepted Answer

This individual would be referred to as a hermaphrodite, meaning they exhibit both male and female genitalia. This is also known as intersex, a condition where an individual's physical or biological sex does not fit within typical male or female classifications. The individual in this scenario may need medical intervention, such as surgery or hormone replacement therapy, to better align their physical characteristics with their gender identity. The terms transsexual, bisexual, and transvestite do not accurately describe this specific scenario.

Question 16

What is the term for extreme prejudice directed at gays?

Accepted Answer

Homophobia is the term used to describe extreme prejudice and discrimination directed towards the gay community. It encompasses a range of negative attitudes and behaviors towards homosexuals, including fear, hatred, and intolerance. Homophobia can manifest in different ways, such as verbal or physical abuse, social exclusion, or legislative discrimination.

Question 17

__________ refer(s) to an individual's preference for emotional-sexual relationships with members of the opposite sex (heterosexuality), the same sex (homosexuality), or both (bisexuality).

Accepted Answer

Sexual orientation refers to an individual's preference for emotional-sexual relationships with members of the opposite sex (heterosexuality), the same sex (homosexuality), or both (bisexuality).

Question 18

At the core of the differences between gender and sex is the chromosomal information transmitted at the moment a child is conceived. An "XY" chromosome pairing would indicate what?

Accepted Answer

An "XY" chromosome pairing indicates a male embryo. The presence of a Y chromosome is the determining factor in the development of male anatomy and physiology.

Question 19

Which of the following would not be an example of secondary sex characteristics in women?

Accepted Answer

The vagina is not a secondary sex characteristic, as it is an internal reproductive organ present in both males and females. Secondary sex characteristics are physical features that develop during puberty and differentiate between males and females, such as breast growth and changes in body shape. Menstruation is also a secondary sex characteristic that is unique to females.

Question 20

Recently, the term __________ was created to describe individuals whose appearance, behavior, or self-identification does not conform to common social rules of gender expression.

Accepted Answer

Transgender is the term that describes individuals whose appearance, behavior, or self-identification does not conform to common social rules of gender expression. While multigender and polygender refer to individuals who identify with multiple genders, and unigender refers to individuals who identify with a single gender, these terms do not necessarily convey the same nuance as transgender.

Quiz 10: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.