Question 1

In 1960, the highest-income 20 percent of the world's population received $30 for each dollar received by the lowest-income 20 percent of the world's population. By 2000, the disparity had __________.

Accepted Answer

The sentence states that the disparity "had increased" by the year 2000, ruling out options B and D. The only remaining option that reflects an increase is option C, with a ratio of $74 for every dollar received by the lowest-income 20 percent of the world's population.

Question 2

__________ are said to be countries with at least a moderate level of economic development and a moderate standard of living.

Accepted Answer

Second world nations refer to countries that were part of the communist bloc during the Cold War, which generally had moderate levels of economic development and standard of living.

Question 3

The income gap between the richest and the poorest 20 percent of the world population __________.

Accepted Answer

According to various studies and reports, including those from the World Bank and Oxfam, the income gap between the richest and poorest 20 percent of the world population continues to widen.

Question 4

Low-income countries are primarily __________ with little industrialization and low levels of national and personal income.

Accepted Answer

Low-income countries are primarily agrarian nations with economies primarily based on agriculture and little industrialization. These countries have low levels of national and personal income due to their lack of diversification and reliance on a single sector.

Question 5

__________ stratification refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a worldwide basis, resulting in people having vastly different lifestyles and life chances both within and among the nations of the world.

Accepted Answer

The term "global" refers to the entire world, and global stratification refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a worldwide basis. This includes disparities in income, education, healthcare, and living conditions both within and among nations. The other choices, universal, planetary, and cosmic, are either too broad or not commonly used terms in sociology when discussing economic inequality.

Question 6

__________ has become the primary means used in attempts to reduce social and economic inequalities and alleviate the worst effects of poverty in the less industrialized nations of the world.

Accepted Answer

Development refers to the process of economic and social transformation that enables a country to improve the well-being of its citizens. It involves various measures such as increasing access to education and healthcare, improving infrastructure, and promoting inclusive economic growth. Development is seen as the primary means to reduce social and economic inequalities and alleviate poverty in less industrialized nations.

Question 7

In 1960, the wealthiest 20 percent of the world population had more than 30 times the income of the poorest 20 percent of the world population. By 2000, the wealthiest 20 percent of the world population had almost __________ the income of the poorest 20 percent of the world population.

Accepted Answer

The question states that in 1960, the wealthiest 20 percent had more than 30 times the income of the poorest 20 percent. By 2000, the income gap had increased, and the wealthiest 20 percent had almost 80 times the income of the poorest 20 percent.

Question 8

One problem encountered by social scientists studying __________ and social and economic inequality is what terminology should be used to refer to the distribution of resources in various nations.

Accepted Answer

The term "global stratification" is commonly used in social sciences to refer to the unequal distribution of resources among different countries and regions of the world. "Cosmic stratification," "universal stratification," and "planetary stratification" are not commonly used terms in this context.

Question 9

__________ nations include China, North Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, and portions of the former Soviet Union.

Accepted Answer

These nations are historically considered "Second world" countries, which refers to the former communist-socialist, industrial states, including the Soviet Union and its allies.

Question 10

__________ are nations with industrializing economies, particularly in urban areas, and moderate levels of national and personal income.

Accepted Answer

The description matches the characteristics of middle-income countries. They have an economy in the process of industrialization and enjoy moderate levels of national and personal income.

Question 11

The gap in global income differences between rich and poor countries has __________ over the past 50 years.

Accepted Answer

According to various studies and reports, the gap in global income differences between rich and poor countries has continued to widen over the past 50 years. Despite efforts to reduce this gap, factors such as globalization, unequal distribution of resources, and economic policies have contributed to the persistence of this trend.

Question 12

__________ were said to consist of the rich, industrialized nations that primarily had capitalist economic systems and democratic political systems.

Accepted Answer

First world nations were said to consist of the rich, industrialized nations that primarily had capitalist economic systems and democratic political systems.

Question 13

In 1960, the highest income 20 percent of the world's population received $30 for each dollar received by the lowest-income 20 percent. By 2000, the difference had increased from $___ to $1.

Accepted Answer

By 2000, the income disparity had increased to $74 for each dollar received by the lowest-income 20 percent, indicating a significant widening of the income gap.

Question 14

After __________, the terms "First World," "Second World," and "Third World" were introduced by social analysts.

Accepted Answer

The terms "First World," "Second World," and "Third World" were introduced during the Cold War era to classify countries based on their political affiliations and economic systems. The first world referred to capitalist democracies, the second world referred to communist/socialist states, and the third world referred to countries that were neither aligned with the first or second world. These terms were first used in the early 1950s, after World War II.

Question 15

The ___________ was introduced by social analysts to distinguish among nations on the basis of their levels of economic development and the standard of living of their citizens.

Accepted Answer

The three worlds approach categorizes nations into three categories based on their levels of economic development and standard of living. It was developed by social analysts to understand and explain the disparities of economic development and standard of living among different nations.

Question 16

__________ are nations characterized by highly industrialized economies; technologically advanced industrial, administrative, and service occupations; and relatively high levels of national and per capita income.

Accepted Answer

High-income countries are defined by their highly industrialized economies, advanced technology, high levels of national and per capita income. This classification is often used by organizations such as the World Bank to distinguish between countries based on their economic development.

Question 17

The most frequently noted __________ nations are the United States, Canada, Japan, Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand.

Accepted Answer

The term "first world" refers to industrialized, capitalist countries aligned with the United States during the Cold War. The United States, Canada, Japan, Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand are generally considered to be first world countries.

Question 18

The international poverty line is

Accepted Answer

The international poverty line is defined as living on less than $1 per day.

Question 19

The income gaps between the richest and the poorest countries of the world are __________ than they are in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The income gaps between the richest and the poorest countries of the world tend to be more pronounced than they are in the United States. This is due to a variety of factors such as historical and cultural differences, access to resources, and levels of economic development. In contrast, while income inequality is still an issue in the United States, it tends to be less extreme than in many other parts of the world, particularly in developing countries.

Question 20

Approximately ______ people worldwide live on less than $1 per day.

Accepted Answer

According to the World Bank, as of 2019, approximately 9.2% of the world's population (which is estimated to be around 7.8 billion people) lives in extreme poverty, which means they live on less than $1.90 per day. This translates to around 700 million people. While this is a higher threshold than $1 per day, it still indicates that the number of people living in extreme poverty is much higher than the other options given. Therefore, the closest answer to this would be D, which is 1 billion.

Quiz 8: Global Stratification.