Question 1

Which of the following statements concerning the environment is true?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

__________ is voluntary, often spontaneous activity that is engaged in by a large number of people and typically violates dominant group norms and values.

Accepted Answer

Collective behavior refers to voluntary, often spontaneous activity that is engaged in by a large number of people and typically violates dominant group norms and values. It can include activities such as riots, protests, and flash mobs. Social change, organizational behavior, and institutional behavior, on the other hand, refer to more structured and deliberate activities that may or may not involve large groups of people.

Question 3

__________ crowds are made up of people who come together for a scheduled event and thus share a common focus.

Accepted Answer

Conventional crowds are formed by individuals who join together for a specific event or purpose, such as attending a sporting event or concert. They share a common focus and are typically well-behaved. Acting crowds, on the other hand, are characterized by their willingness to engage in violent or destructive behavior, while expressive crowds are formed by individuals who come together to express a common emotion or sentiment. Casual crowds are those that form spontaneously, without any specific purpose or focus.

Question 4

Sociologist Herbert Blumer developed a typology in which crowds are divided into four categories. Which of the following was not a crowd category identified by Blumer?

Accepted Answer

Blumer's crowd typology consists of the following categories: casual, conventional, expressive, and acting. Nontraditional is not one of the categories identified by Blumer.

Question 5

According to sociologist John Lofland, the __________ refers to the "publicly expressed feeling perceived by participants and observers as the most prominent in an episode of collective behavior."

Accepted Answer

The term "dominant emotion" refers to the most prevalent and publicly expressed feeling in a situation of collective behavior, according to John Lofland's definition. Thus, option C is the correct choice. Options A and B are not accurate descriptions, and option D is too vague.

Question 6

Three major factors contribute to the likelihood that collective behavior will occur. Which of the following factors is not identified as contributing to collective behavior occurring?

Accepted Answer

The other three factors are identified as contributing to collective behavior occurring, as structural factors can shape the conditions for action, timing can create a sense of urgency, and a breakdown in social control mechanisms can lead to a feeling of normlessness and the potential for collective action. However, biological factors are not typically seen as a significant factor in the occurrence of collective behavior.

Question 7

Examples of a(n) __________ include the audience in a movie theater or people at a pep rally for a sporting event.

Accepted Answer

A crowd refers to a large group of people who are gathered together in one place. Both the audience in a movie theater and the people at a pep rally can be considered crowds as they are large groups of people who have come together for a particular event. A category refers to a classification or grouping of things based on certain characteristics. A mass refers to a large number of people or things that are gathered together but may not necessarily be in the same location. An aggregate refers to a collection of things that are brought together but may not have any particular order or structure.

Question 8

__________ crowds provide opportunities for the display of some strong emotion (such as joy, excitement, or grief). People release their pent-up emotions in conjunction with other persons experiencing similar emotions.

Accepted Answer

The term "expressive crowds" refers to crowds that provide opportunities for the display of strong emotions, such as excitement or grief. In such a crowd, people release their pent-up emotions in conjunction with others experiencing similar emotions. This is different from a protest crowd (A), which is focused on a specific issue or cause, an acting crowd (C), which may involve people acting out in a violent or destructive manner, or a conventional crowd (D), which is generally well-behaved and conformist.

Question 9

Collective behavior occurs as a result of some common influence or stimulus that produces a response from a/an __________, which is a number of people who act together and may mutually transcend, bypass, or subvert established institutional patterns and structures.

Accepted Answer

Collective behavior refers to a group of individuals, known as a collectivity, who act together in response to a common influence or stimulus. This group may not follow established patterns or structures and may behave in ways that are outside of societal norms. While social movements may fall under the category of collective behavior, it is a more specific term referring to an organized and ongoing effort to bring about social or political change.

Question 10

Students gathered at a college lecture are an example of a(n) ___________ crowd. The event has a preestablished schedule and norms. Because it occurs regularly, interaction among participants is much more likely; in turn, the events would not occur without the crowd, which is essential to the event.

Accepted Answer

The characteristics mentioned in the passage, such as a preestablished schedule and norms, regular occurrence, and essential role in the event, all indicate that the crowd is a conventional crowd.

Question 11

The first environmental organization in the U.S. was

Accepted Answer

The American Forestry Association, founded in 1875, was the first environmental organization in the U.S. It focused on the conservation and sustainable management of forests. The Sierra Club, founded in 1892, is one of the oldest and largest environmental organizations in the U.S. but was not the first. COYOTE (Call Off Your Old Tired Ethics) was a feminist advocacy group founded in 1973, and Greenpeace was founded in Canada in 1971 and later expanded to the U.S.

Question 12

Sociologists define __________ as the alteration, modification, or transformation of public policy, culture, or social institutions over time. It is usually brought about by collective behavior and social movements.

Accepted Answer

Social change is the alteration, modification, or transformation of public policy, culture, or social institutions over time. This change usually comes about through collective behavior and social movements. Social divergence refers to the process of groups becoming more dissimilar over time. Social innovation refers to the development of new ideas or methods within society, and social conversion is not a commonly used term in sociology.

Question 13

People in a shopping mall or on a city bus are examples of _________ crowds.

Accepted Answer

Casual crowds are made up of individuals who happen to be in the same place at the same time for a non-specific reason, such as people shopping in a mall or riding a city bus. Expressive crowds are formed by people who come together to express emotion or support for a particular cause, acting crowds have a specific goal or purpose, and conventional crowds are made up of people who have gathered for a specific event or purpose.

Question 14

Unlike the __________ behavior that is found in corporations and voluntary associations (such as labor unions), collective behavior lacks an official division of labor, hierarchy of authority, and established rules and procedures.

Accepted Answer

Collective behavior is characterized by the absence of structured organization, unlike organizational behavior which involves a formal division of labor, hierarchy, and established rules.

Question 15

A(n) __________ is a relatively large number of people who are in one another's immediate vicinity.

Accepted Answer

The term "crowd" best fits the definition of a relatively large number of people who are in one another's immediate vicinity. A mass typically refers to a large collection of physical matter, while an aggregate implies a grouping of individuals or objects with shared characteristics or interests. A category refers to a classification or grouping of similar things.

Question 16

Unlike __________ behavior (for example, in education, religion, or politics), collective behavior lacks established norms to govern behavior.

Accepted Answer

Collective behavior refers to actions taken by a group of people in response to a particular event or situation. Unlike institutional behavior, such as that found in education, religion, or politics, collective behavior lacks established norms to govern behavior.

Question 17

An example of a(n) __________ is the popularity of "blogging" on the Internet. A blog is an online journal maintained by an individual who frequently records entries that are maintained in a chronological order.

Accepted Answer

The popularity of "blogging" on the Internet is an example of a "mass" because it involves a large number of people engaging in similar activities or behaviors, such as reading or writing blogs, without necessarily being in the same location or interacting directly with each other.

Question 18

__________ crowds are relatively large gatherings of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time; if they interact at all, it is only briefly.

Accepted Answer

Casual crowds are characterized by a lack of organization or structure, and the individuals within them have no common purpose or goal. They may be together for a short period of time, such as while waiting in line or passing each other on the street, but they do not interact significantly beyond that.

Question 19

A(n) __________ is a number of people who share an interest in a specific idea or issue but who are not in one another's immediate vicinity.

Accepted Answer

A mass refers to a large number of people or things that are grouped together. This would be the most appropriate choice for a large group of people who share a common interest but are dispersed geographically.

B) Category refers to a group of things or people that share a common characteristic or quality, but it does not necessarily imply a shared interest or issue.
 
C) Crowd refers to a group of people who are physically gathered in one place, which would not fit the description of a dispersed group.

D) Aggregate refers to a collection of things or people that are brought together, but it does not imply a shared interest or issue.

Question 20

Several explanations could be provided in relation to the dynamics of collective behavior. Which of the following explanations is not valid in relation to the dynamics of collective behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Several explanations could be provided in relation...

Quiz 16: Collective Behavior, Social Movements, and Social Change.