Question 1

From "Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination" by Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan
The authors conduct a field experiment to determine if stereotypical ethnic and non-ethnic sounding names in resumes as well as return mailing addresses constitutes a perceived proxy for race, and, thus, constitutes racial discrimination in job applicant "callbacks." The authors find it likely that a form of discrimination operates at all occupational levels and credentialing statuses.
-Discuss the ways the authors experimentally "manipulate" their design to increase the probability that they are assessing whether discrimination exists.

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Question 2

From "Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination" by Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan
The authors conduct a field experiment to determine if stereotypical ethnic and non-ethnic sounding names in resumes as well as return mailing addresses constitutes a perceived proxy for race, and, thus, constitutes racial discrimination in job applicant "callbacks." The authors find it likely that a form of discrimination operates at all occupational levels and credentialing statuses.
-According to the authors, how do findings regarding inferior "returns" by way of callbacks for blacks relate to existing models of discrimination?

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Question 3

From Racism without Racists by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Bonilla-Silva explicates an ideology of racism--"color-blind racism"--that is widespread in contemporary American society. Based on four frames-- abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism--color-blind racism is a way of appearing normal, moral, and reasonable while propagating beliefs that serve to reinforce the legacy of white racial privilege. The hallmarks of color-blind racism are its pliability, seeming sensibility, and fairness in judging minorities and policies that are appropriate to addressing racial inequality in life-chance opportunities.
-Describe the abstract liberalism frame of color-blind racism.

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Question 4

From Racism without Racists by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Bonilla-Silva explicates an ideology of racism--"color-blind racism"--that is widespread in contemporary American society. Based on four frames-- abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism--color-blind racism is a way of appearing normal, moral, and reasonable while propagating beliefs that serve to reinforce the legacy of white racial privilege. The hallmarks of color-blind racism are its pliability, seeming sensibility, and fairness in judging minorities and policies that are appropriate to addressing racial inequality in life-chance opportunities.
-Describe the minimization of racism frame of color-blind racism.

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Question 5

From Racism without Racists by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Bonilla-Silva explicates an ideology of racism--"color-blind racism"--that is widespread in contemporary American society. Based on four frames-- abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism--color-blind racism is a way of appearing normal, moral, and reasonable while propagating beliefs that serve to reinforce the legacy of white racial privilege. The hallmarks of color-blind racism are its pliability, seeming sensibility, and fairness in judging minorities and policies that are appropriate to addressing racial inequality in life-chance opportunities.
-Describe the cultural racism frame of color-blind racism.

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Question 6

From Racism without Racists by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Bonilla-Silva explicates an ideology of racism--"color-blind racism"--that is widespread in contemporary American society. Based on four frames-- abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism--color-blind racism is a way of appearing normal, moral, and reasonable while propagating beliefs that serve to reinforce the legacy of white racial privilege. The hallmarks of color-blind racism are its pliability, seeming sensibility, and fairness in judging minorities and policies that are appropriate to addressing racial inequality in life-chance opportunities.
-Why, according to Bonilla-Silva, is color-blind racism negative for racial minorities?
A) It does not properly address the legacy or contemporary nature of racial oppression
B) It fails to address black racism
C) It creates biased affirmative-action programs
D) It allows minorities to become lazy.

Accepted Answer

Bonilla-Silva argues that color-blind racism fails to address the legacy and contemporary nature of racial oppression, which negatively impacts racial minorities.

Question 7

From Racism without Racists by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Bonilla-Silva explicates an ideology of racism--"color-blind racism"--that is widespread in contemporary American society. Based on four frames-- abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism--color-blind racism is a way of appearing normal, moral, and reasonable while propagating beliefs that serve to reinforce the legacy of white racial privilege. The hallmarks of color-blind racism are its pliability, seeming sensibility, and fairness in judging minorities and policies that are appropriate to addressing racial inequality in life-chance opportunities.
-Color-blind racism is an ideology that has remained largely unchanged over the course of many decades.

Accepted Answer

Bonilla-Silva argues that color-blind racism is a contemporary form of racism that has evolved from earlier forms, adapting to a society that officially rejects racial discrimination, rather than remaining unchanged over many decades.

Question 8

From Racism without Racists by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Bonilla-Silva explicates an ideology of racism--"color-blind racism"--that is widespread in contemporary American society. Based on four frames-- abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism--color-blind racism is a way of appearing normal, moral, and reasonable while propagating beliefs that serve to reinforce the legacy of white racial privilege. The hallmarks of color-blind racism are its pliability, seeming sensibility, and fairness in judging minorities and policies that are appropriate to addressing racial inequality in life-chance opportunities.
-Which of the following is not a manifestation of color-blind racism?
A) A meritocratic rationale for defending white privilege
B) Rationalizing racial unfairness in the name of equal opportunity
C) "Nothing should be forced on people"
D) "Everyone gets their head handed to them sometimes."

Accepted Answer

Option D does not explicitly relate to race or racial inequality, and therefore cannot be classified as a manifestation of color-blind racism. Options A, B, and C, on the other hand, are all examples of how color-blind racism operates through the use of seemingly neutral or harmless language to obscure or defend the continuation of white privilege and racial inequality.

Question 9

From Racism without Racists by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Bonilla-Silva explicates an ideology of racism--"color-blind racism"--that is widespread in contemporary American society. Based on four frames-- abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism--color-blind racism is a way of appearing normal, moral, and reasonable while propagating beliefs that serve to reinforce the legacy of white racial privilege. The hallmarks of color-blind racism are its pliability, seeming sensibility, and fairness in judging minorities and policies that are appropriate to addressing racial inequality in life-chance opportunities.
-Bonilla-Silva maintains that color-blind raciam is suited to propagating discrimination in an advanced liberal democracy. Explain what he means by this.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

From The Myth of the Model Minority: Asian Americans Facing Racism by Rosalind S. Chou and Joe R. Feagin
Chou and Feagin document that model minorities experience great stress with pressure to conform to white-dominated society in the face of very strong racism and discrimination. Using in-depth interviews, the authors give voice to Asian Americans' experience with discrimination and how they cope with it as a model minority that--in the public consciousness--obscures the pressures and discriminatory experiences of model minorities.
-Discrimination against Asian Americans is relatively recent, dating back just several decades as they have increased their representation in American society.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination against Asian Americans dates back much earlier than just several decades. It includes events such as the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

Question 11

From The Myth of the Model Minority: Asian Americans Facing Racism by Rosalind S. Chou and Joe R. Feagin
Chou and Feagin document that model minorities experience great stress with pressure to conform to white-dominated society in the face of very strong racism and discrimination. Using in-depth interviews, the authors give voice to Asian Americans' experience with discrimination and how they cope with it as a model minority that--in the public consciousness--obscures the pressures and discriminatory experiences of model minorities.
-Identify the range of negative stereotypes directed toward Asian immigrants, and how, according to the authors, they reflect ambivalence and inconsistent views toward Asian Americans.

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Question 12

From The Myth of the Model Minority: Asian Americans Facing Racism by Rosalind S. Chou and Joe R. Feagin
Chou and Feagin document that model minorities experience great stress with pressure to conform to white-dominated society in the face of very strong racism and discrimination. Using in-depth interviews, the authors give voice to Asian Americans' experience with discrimination and how they cope with it as a model minority that--in the public consciousness--obscures the pressures and discriminatory experiences of model minorities.
-What is a "model minority"?

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Question 13

From The Myth of the Model Minority: Asian Americans Facing Racism by Rosalind S. Chou and Joe R. Feagin
Chou and Feagin document that model minorities experience great stress with pressure to conform to white-dominated society in the face of very strong racism and discrimination. Using in-depth interviews, the authors give voice to Asian Americans' experience with discrimination and how they cope with it as a model minority that--in the public consciousness--obscures the pressures and discriminatory experiences of model minorities.
-What ambivalence do, for example, middle-class Asian immigrants have about "assimilating" into American life?

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

From The Myth of the Model Minority: Asian Americans Facing Racism by Rosalind S. Chou and Joe R. Feagin
Chou and Feagin document that model minorities experience great stress with pressure to conform to white-dominated society in the face of very strong racism and discrimination. Using in-depth interviews, the authors give voice to Asian Americans' experience with discrimination and how they cope with it as a model minority that--in the public consciousness--obscures the pressures and discriminatory experiences of model minorities.
-According to the authors, how is the notion of a "model minority" a myth, in that it obscures racial discrimination?

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Question 15

From The Myth of the Model Minority: Asian Americans Facing Racism by Rosalind S. Chou and Joe R. Feagin
Chou and Feagin document that model minorities experience great stress with pressure to conform to white-dominated society in the face of very strong racism and discrimination. Using in-depth interviews, the authors give voice to Asian Americans' experience with discrimination and how they cope with it as a model minority that--in the public consciousness--obscures the pressures and discriminatory experiences of model minorities.
-Which of the following does not represent an example of coping problems experienced by Asian immigrants?
A) High rates of alcoholism
B) High rates of suicide
C) High rates of depression
D) High rates of vehicular accidents.

Accepted Answer

The article does not mention anything about high rates of vehicular accidents as a coping problem experienced by Asian immigrants. The other choices (A, B, and C) are mentioned as coping problems in the article.

Question 16

From The Myth of the Model Minority: Asian Americans Facing Racism by Rosalind S. Chou and Joe R. Feagin
Chou and Feagin document that model minorities experience great stress with pressure to conform to white-dominated society in the face of very strong racism and discrimination. Using in-depth interviews, the authors give voice to Asian Americans' experience with discrimination and how they cope with it as a model minority that--in the public consciousness--obscures the pressures and discriminatory experiences of model minorities.
-According to the authors, model minorities pay an economic and psychological "cost" by virtue of feeling pressure to:
A) Remain segregated
B) Be isolated
C) Speak their native language
D) Conform to U.S. society.

Accepted Answer

According to the authors, model minorities experience pressure to conform to white-dominated U.S. society, which results in economic and psychological costs. This pressure to conform can lead to feelings of stress, isolation, and discrimination, particularly because the public perception of model minorities often obscures the challenges they face.

Question 17

From Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies by the National Research Council
This chapter from the National Research Council examines four aspects of the Hispanic experience-family and living arrangements, schools and education, employment and economic well-being, and health status and access to care. Overall, trends indicate that Hispanics' integration experiences are as diverse as the eclectic subgroups subsumed under the panethnic identity, but some trends are discernible. Generally, Cubans are in a more stratification-favorable position than either Mexicans or Puerto Ricans.
-Characterize the reasons that "familism" is on the decline among Hispanic families. What are its consequences?

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Question 18

From Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies by the National Research Council
This chapter from the National Research Council examines four aspects of the Hispanic experience-family and living arrangements, schools and education, employment and economic well-being, and health status and access to care. Overall, trends indicate that Hispanics' integration experiences are as diverse as the eclectic subgroups subsumed under the panethnic identity, but some trends are discernible. Generally, Cubans are in a more stratification-favorable position than either Mexicans or Puerto Ricans.
-Which sub-Hispanic group has an education profile that is closest to whites? What is this profile?

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

From Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies by the National Research Council
This chapter from the National Research Council examines four aspects of the Hispanic experience-family and living arrangements, schools and education, employment and economic well-being, and health status and access to care. Overall, trends indicate that Hispanics' integration experiences are as diverse as the eclectic subgroups subsumed under the panethnic identity, but some trends are discernible. Generally, Cubans are in a more stratification-favorable position than either Mexicans or Puerto Ricans.
-How are Hispanics disadvantaged across stages of the educational career?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

From Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies by the National Research Council
This chapter from the National Research Council examines four aspects of the Hispanic experience-family and living arrangements, schools and education, employment and economic well-being, and health status and access to care. Overall, trends indicate that Hispanics' integration experiences are as diverse as the eclectic subgroups subsumed under the panethnic identity, but some trends are discernible. Generally, Cubans are in a more stratification-favorable position than either Mexicans or Puerto Ricans.
-Mexican men and women have as high employment rates as, respectively, white men and women.

Accepted Answer

The text states that Mexican men and women have employment rates as high as white men and women, indicating a comparison of employment rates between these groups.

Quiz 3: Status Section A: Race and Ethnicity