Question 1

A child whose parents are going through a divorce may experience a myriad of feelings including __________ .

Accepted Answer

Children enduring parental divorce often suffer a range of emotional struggles including feelings of confusion, loss, abandonment, and guilt. Children also frequently struggle with the desire to remain loyalty to both parents, but feel the need to "choose."

Question 2

Carter and McGoldrick suggest tasks new couple's need to complete to be able to commit to the relationship. One task is to __________ relationships with parents and siblings.

Accepted Answer

Renegotiation of family relationships are important for both individuals, in the new couple. Issues can arise if one individual remains too involved with his or her family of origin, or if the family of origin relationship is nonexistent.

Question 3

Cultural norms provide insight into a culture's __________, and define what are considered appropriate __________ within that culture.

Accepted Answer

Cultural norms provide insight into a culture's social structure, and define what is deemed appropriate behavior within that particular culture. These standards of behavior are thought to bring order to cultures and societies.

Question 4

Conformity, a major category of social influence, is classified into two distinct types -__________and __________ .

Accepted Answer

There are two types of conformity: normative and informational. Normative conformity refers to the influence others have on our behavior, due to the desire to be liked. Informational conformity occurs when an individual adopts the actions of others, in an attempt to replicate correct behavior for a specific situation.

Question 5

The study of how individuals explain the behavior of others or their own is called __________ .

Accepted Answer

Attribution theory looks at how a person attributes meaning to human behavior, or events. Essentially, this theory identifies how individuals make sense of the world around them, based on personal perception of cause and effect.

Question 6

Jane watches the news every evening. Every evening for the past seven days, Jane has seen a news story regarding the crime in her town. Now, when Jane goes out, she is fearful, and feels in danger. Jane's recent fear could be described by __________ .

Accepted Answer

Saliency bias is the inclination to use the most noticeable or observable traits to come to a conclusion about a person, or situation. Jane sees violence and crime night after night, thus, making this crime extremely conspicuous. Jane then takes this information, and incorporates it into her perceptions, and judgment about her town.

Question 7

Attribution is the process of assuming the causes of events, actions, or behaviors. Yet a fundamental attribution error is when people put too much emphasis on internal aspects (like personality characteristics), and ignore or minimize external factors and influences. The fundamental attribution error explains why people often __________ .

Accepted Answer

When a victim is blamed, this fundamental attribution error is clearly illustrated. Common in these cases is the focus on what the victim failed to do (such as take further protective action), or what they should not have done (in terms of having a certain behavior or manner).

Question 8

A client who struggles with body image issues, and over-exercising habits is put into a treatment center where she is told she cannot exercise at all. Even though she is constantly monitored, and encouraged against it, the client continues to exercise. This is an example of the phenomenon of __________ .

Accepted Answer

Reactance occurs when an individual feels pressured into doing (or not doing) something, and therefore, increases their resistance to the persuasion.

Question 9

The out-group homogeneity effect, a cognitive bias, is damaging as it can contribute to __________ .

Accepted Answer

The out-group homogeneity effect is a cognitive bias, where individuals tend to see others who are in a different group (or town, or team, etc.) as homogenous or "all alike," while viewing individuals within their in-group as varied, and diverse.

Question 10

James is being reprimanded by his boss for something he did not do, yet he abstains from talking back, as he is new on the job. Later that night, when James returns home, he finds himself yelling at his wife for no particular reason. This is an example of __________ .

Accepted Answer

Displaced aggression occurs when an individual aggresses on a person other than the person who incited, or provoked the initial anger or disturbance.

Question 11

Different roles affect behavior. What kinds of roles should be considered when looking at an individual's behavior change(s)? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Various role categories can affect an individual's behavior in different ways. Social roles are expressed through a set of behaviors that are accepted as "normal" from someone holding a particular status (such as when a woman becomes a mother). Cultural roles vary, depending on the expectations of a culture, including attitudes, and behaviors. Situation specific roles develop in a particular social situation.

Question 12

Piaget's concrete operational stage of development is known as a turning point for a person's cognitive development. This is because it indicates the start of __________ thinking.

Accepted Answer

The concrete operational stage of development is significant in a child's life, as it implies the onset of logical (or concrete) thinking. This typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11, and allows for the child to think in a more rational, organized manner. While this logic is new in this stage of development, its implications extend only to physical (or concrete) objects.

Question 13

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development identifies eight stages people go through in the course of a lifetime. Each stage is connected to a psychosocial predicament that one must work through, in order to move on to the next developmental stage. In the identity vs. role confusion stage, what question might a person ask himself or herself as part of working towards the next stage?

Accepted Answer

The identity vs. role confusion stage of development (also called the fidelity stage) occurs in adolescence and is typically accompanied by experimenting with various behaviors, and roles as a result of asking questions such as "Who am I?" and/ or "What can I be?"

Question 14

Lawrence Kohlberg moral stages of development are broken down into three distinct levels. The first level is called Pre-conventional Morality, where an individual learns __________ . Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's Moral Stages of Development include three levels: Pre-conventional Morality, Conventional Morality, and Post-conventional morality. In the pre-conventional stage, an individual is introduced to punishment and obedience (learning right from wrong via punishment), and individualism and exchange (through comprehending the idea that all individuals view things differently; there is not solely one view).

Question 15

A person's personality is made up of his or her __________ . Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Personalities are composed of an individual's thoughts, behaviors, and feelings. One's intentions are often influenced by their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors, but intentions are not directly related to the makeup of a personality.

Question 16

In which stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory of development is caring for others a main focus?

Accepted Answer

In Erikson's Generativity vs. Stagnation stage, which usually occurs between the ages of mid-forties to mid-sixties, the emphasis is on caring for others. Caring for others during this stage can be seen through raising children, caring for aging parents, volunteering, and mentoring, etc.

Question 17

What is one example of why people's memory systems are selective in nature? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Individuals inherently have different capacities for memory storage, yet overall, it would be unproductive for human beings to remember, and retain each and every detail of their daily lives. This would push one's memory bank to capacity very quickly.

Question 18

During Erikson's ego integrity vs. despair stage of psychosocial development, people seek to reflect back on life. If this stage proves to be unproductive, this means an individual may be left feeling __________ .

Accepted Answer

During the ego integrity vs. despair stage, individuals look back, and reflect upon their lives and accomplishments; this will either leave them with a sense of contentment and satisfaction (integrity), or a feeling of regret (despair).

Question 19

Adolescence is the period of growth, and maturity that typically falls between the ages 12 and 18. Adolescence is often a hard time for children. Some of these difficult experiences can include __________ . Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Sexual exploration, peer pressures, and physical changes are just a few of the struggles that individuals often experience as they move through adolescence. Attachment is a central concern in childhood (rather than adolescence), in terms of the relationship between the child and caregiver.

Question 20

Erikson's autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage of psychosocial development identifies __________ as an important event/happening during this phase of maturation.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's autonomy vs. shame and doubt typically occurs in children ages 18 months to two or three years old. Toilet training is a central event in this stage and plays a large role in a child's understanding of bodily functions, leading to a sense of independence and control.

Quiz 2: Assessment And-Diagnosis