Question 1

The process of changing one's schema to make it match the world of reality better is what Piaget termed:
A) modification
B) accommodation
C) schematization
D) assimilation

Accepted Answer

Accommodation refers to the process described by Piaget where an individual changes their schema (or cognitive framework) to better fit new information or experiences from the world. This is different from assimilation, where new information is incorporated into existing schemas without changing them.

Question 2

When the processes of accommodation and assimilation are in balance, it is known as ______________ according to Piaget.
A) equilibrium
B) stasis
C) schema balance
D) disequilibrium

Accepted Answer

Equilibrium, according to Piaget, is the state in which a child's experiences can be assimilated into existing schemas and accommodated by modifying schemas, indicating a balance between assimilation and accommodation.

Question 3

When the ball that 9-month-old Reggie was playing with rolls under the bed he begins searching for it in the direction that it rolled. According to Piaget's stages of development, which stage corresponds to Reggie's behavior?
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operations
D) formal operations

Accepted Answer

Reggie's behavior corresponds to the sensorimotor stage of Piaget's stages of development, which occurs from birth to about 2 years of age. During this stage, infants learn about the world through their sensory experiences and manipulating objects. Reggie's action of searching for the ball demonstrates object permanence, a key concept in the sensorimotor stage, where a child understands that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen or heard.

Question 4

Five-year-old Nora is excited to see that it is starting to snow. She exclaims, "Wow, it's snowing so that I can make a snowman!" This kind of egocentric thinking is related to which of Piaget's stages of development?
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operations
D) formal operations

Accepted Answer

Nora's statement reflects egocentric thinking, where she believes that events (like snowing) happen for her benefit. This is characteristic of Piaget's preoperational stage, which typically includes children aged 2 to 7 years. In this stage, children are focused on themselves and often struggle to see things from others' perspectives.

Question 5

Eight-year-old Margie is watching her little brother Harry play with clay. When Harry takes the lump of clay and rolls it into a "snake," he comments, "Look, I made it bigger." Margie replies, "No silly, it's the same amount of clay; you just stretched it." Margie's reasoning reflects which of Piaget's stages of development?
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operations
D) formal operations

Accepted Answer

Margie's understanding that the amount of clay remains constant despite its change in shape demonstrates the concept of conservation, which is characteristic of the concrete operational stage of development according to Piaget. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11 years.

Question 6

Presented with the following riddle: "Green is stop and red is ___________?" Billy answers, "Go." He is displaying which of Piaget's stages of development?
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operations
D) formal operations

Accepted Answer

The answer of Presented with the following riddle: "Green is...

Question 7

When a person learns how to respond to something that he or she has not yet encountered from observing someone else's response, this is called:
A) cognitive learning
B) behavioral learning
C) imitative learning
D) response skipping

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a person learns how to respond...

Question 8

Two-year-old Amina sees a cat for the first time. After watching her mother stroke the cat's back, Amina begins to stroke the cat's back, too. This is an example of:
A) danger avoidance learning
B) enculturation
C) cognitive learning
D) experiential learning

Accepted Answer

Amina is demonstrating cognitive learning by observing her mother's actions and imitating them, which is a fundamental aspect of cognitive development in children.

Question 9

The theory developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner that centers on the relationship between the developing individual and the changing environmental systems is known as:
A) environmental theory
B) ecological theory
C) relational theory
D) systems theory

Accepted Answer

Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory focuses on the complex relationships between individuals and their changing environments, emphasizing how these interactions influence development.

Question 10

All of the following statements are true concerning the ecological theory of development EXCEPT:
A) It relies on clinical settings to get at the roots of individuals' behaviors.
B) It seeks to capture the effects of change over time.
C) It looks at the individual and the environment.
D) Cultural, political, and religious values contribute to an understanding of development.

Accepted Answer

The ecological theory of development, proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner, emphasizes the interaction between individuals and their environments, including cultural, political, and religious contexts. It does not rely primarily on clinical settings to understand behaviors but rather on the complex interplay between a person and their various environmental systems.

Question 11

Which research design would be best suited to the ecological approach to understanding human development?
A) experimental
B) cross-sectional
C) social survey
D) longitudinal

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal research design is best suited for the ecological approach to understanding human development because it allows researchers to observe how individuals change and develop over time within their environmental contexts.

Question 12

Millie and her brother are being raised by their grandmother. Millie's grandmother and brother comprise her:
A) mesosystem
B) microsystem
C) macrosystem
D) exosystem

Accepted Answer

Millie's grandmother and brother are part of her immediate environment, which directly influences her development. This is defined as her microsystem according to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory.

Question 13

The idea that human development has a specifically historical charter-that it is affected by where and when a person grows up-is associated with which theory of development?
A) behavioral theory
B) psychoanalytic theory
C) psychosocial theory
D) sociocultural theory

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural theory, particularly associated with Lev Vygotsky, emphasizes the influence of cultural and social contexts in shaping human development. It posits that learning and development are deeply embedded in social and cultural contexts, highlighting the importance of where and when a person grows up.

Question 14

The person associated with developing the sociocultural theory of development is:
A) Kurt Lewin
B) Urie Bronfenbrenner
C) Lev Vygotsky
D) Erik Erikson

Accepted Answer

Lev Vygotsky is the psychologist associated with developing the sociocultural theory of development, which emphasizes the influence of cultural and social interactions on cognitive development.

Question 15

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory states that mental functions are facilitated primarily by ____________, and that those functions are anchored in interpersonal relationships.
A) language
B) emotions
C) activity
D) physical function

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the fundamental role of language in the development of mental functions, highlighting how these functions are deeply embedded in social interactions and cultural contexts.

Question 16

An approach which allows psychologists to choose from various theories and models is called:
A) organic
B) eclectic
C) mechanistic
D) holistic

Accepted Answer

The eclectic approach in psychology is a method of selecting and using different theories and techniques from various schools of thought or therapeutic practices. This approach allows psychologists to tailor their methods to the needs of individual clients, rather than adhering strictly to the principles of one particular school.

Question 17

A model that says development produces smooth, gradual, and incremental change is the _______________ model.
A) organismic
B) organic
C) particle
D) mechanistic

Accepted Answer

The mechanistic model of development suggests that changes occur through a continuous process, where development is seen as a series of small, incremental adjustments, much like the workings of a machine. This contrasts with models that might emphasize stages or significant shifts at certain points in development.

Question 18

A model that focuses on the whole and the ways in which the whole is greater than the sum of its parts is a(n) ______________ model.
A) organismic
B) holistic
C) mechanistic
D) organic

Accepted Answer

The answer of A model that focuses on the whole...

Question 19

The organismic model views a human being as:
A) a physical object, inherently passive
B) a structured whole, inherently active
C) machine-like, but also disorganized
D) disorganized and inherently passive

Accepted Answer

The organismic model views a human being as a structured whole, inherently active, emphasizing the integrated and active nature of human functioning.

Question 20

Which view sees development as a smooth, gradual process that produces incremental change?
A) continuity
B) discontinuity
C) eclectic
D) mechanical

Accepted Answer

The continuity view posits that development is a smooth, gradual process where changes occur incrementally rather than through sudden leaps. This perspective contrasts with the discontinuity view, which suggests development occurs in distinct stages or steps.

Quiz 2: Theories of Development

The process of changing one's schema to make it match the world of reality better is what Piaget termed:

When the processes of accommodation and assimilation are in balance, it is known as ______________ according to Piaget.

When the ball that 9-month-old Reggie was playing with rolls under the bed he begins searching for it in the direction that it rolled. According to Piaget's stages of development, which stage corresponds to Reggie's behavior?

Five-year-old Nora is excited to see that it is starting to snow. She exclaims, "Wow, it's snowing so that I can make a snowman!" This kind of egocentric thinking is related to which of Piaget's stages of development?

Presented with the following riddle: "Green is stop and red is ___________?" Billy answers, "Go." He is displaying which of Piaget's stages of development?

When a person learns how to respond to something that he or she has not yet encountered from observing someone else's response, this is called:

Two-year-old Amina sees a cat for the first time. After watching her mother stroke the cat's back, Amina begins to stroke the cat's back, too. This is an example of:

The theory developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner that centers on the relationship between the developing individual and the changing environmental systems is known as:

All of the following statements are true concerning the ecological theory of development EXCEPT:

Which research design would be best suited to the ecological approach to understanding human development?

Millie and her brother are being raised by their grandmother. Millie's grandmother and brother comprise her:

The idea that human development has a specifically historical charter-that it is affected by where and when a person grows up-is associated with which theory of development?

The person associated with developing the sociocultural theory of development is:

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory states that mental functions are facilitated primarily by ____________, and that those functions are anchored in interpersonal relationships.

An approach which allows psychologists to choose from various theories and models is called:

A model that says development produces smooth, gradual, and incremental change is the _______________ model.

A model that focuses on the whole and the ways in which the whole is greater than the sum of its parts is a(n) ______________ model.

The organismic model views a human being as:

Which view sees development as a smooth, gradual process that produces incremental change?