'Behavioural Displacement', One of the Potential Dysfunctional Aspects of Control

'Behavioural displacement', one of the potential dysfunctional aspects of control systems, is defined as a condition in which individuals attempt to improve the appearance of their performance by:

A) manipulating resource usage and/or data rather than by achieving bona fide performance improvements.
B) engaging in behaviours encouraged by controls and related reward systems even though the behaviours . are actually inconsistent with goals.
C) creating delays so as to prevent measurements of performance.
D) attempting to actually undermine the control system itself.