Question 1

Marcy views herself as being generally capable and competent in most aspects of her life.According to the text,Marcy has a high degree of

Accepted Answer

Marcy's belief in her overall capability and competence reflects a sense of global self-worth, indicating Option C as the correct answer. Option A (purpose) is not directly related to Marcy's belief in herself. Option B (trust versus mistrust) refers to the stages of development during infancy and early childhood and does not apply to Marcy's self-perception as an adult. Option D (personal identity) refers to an individual's sense of who they are and how they fit into the world, but is not specifically related to Marcy's sense of competence.

Question 2

Randy is 8 years old and has just learned to use a word-processing program that will allow him to write papers for school on the computer.According to Erikson,Randy's mastery of this skill should lead to feelings of

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the stage that corresponds to Randy's age is Industry vs. Inferiority. At this stage, children develop a sense of competence and achievement by mastering new skills and completing tasks. Randy's mastery of a new skill, such as using a word-processing program, would likely lead to feelings of competence and self-efficacy.

Question 3

Parents can help children develop coregulation by

Accepted Answer

Parents can help their children develop coregulation by influencing them when they are together, monitoring them when they are apart, and teaching them to monitor their behavior. All of these actions are necessary for developing healthy patterns of regulation in children. Parents can model effective communication and problem-solving skills when interacting with their children, provide consistent and appropriate responses to their children's behavior when they are not physically present, and guide their children in developing their own self-regulation strategies.

Question 4

Prosocial children tend to

Accepted Answer

Prosocial children tend to exhibit appropriate social behaviors, such as being polite and respectful to others. They also tend to cope with problems in a constructive and effective manner. Additionally, they are more likely to volunteer to help others, either through organized programs or informally in their community. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

Question 5

Global self-worth means essentially the same thing as

Accepted Answer

Global self-worth refers to an individual's overall evaluation of themselves, encompassing various aspects of themselves such as their abilities, achievements, and social status. This is essentially the same as self-esteem, which also refers to an individual's overall sense of self-worth and self-value. Self-awareness, self-recognition, and self-consciousness all refer to different aspects of an individual's self-awareness and perception, but do not necessarily encompass the same scope as global self-worth or self-esteem.

Question 6

Milton is an 8-year-old.According to Harter's research,what is the single most important aspect of Milton's life that will determine his sense of self-worth?

Accepted Answer

Harter's research suggests that positive regard from parents and peers is the single most important aspect in determining a child's sense of self-worth. This includes feeling loved, accepted, and respected by significant others in their lives, which can have a huge impact on their self-esteem and confidence. While physical attractiveness, athletic ability, and socioeconomic status may also play a role in a child's self-worth, they are not considered as significant as positive regard from others.

Question 7

Children have typically internalized the emotions of pride and shame by age

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that most children have internalized the emotions of pride and shame by the age of 7 or 8. However, individual differences in socialization experiences and temperament may result in some children internalizing these emotions at an earlier or later age.

Question 8

A child with high self-esteem would

Accepted Answer

A child with high self-esteem is confident in their abilities and worth, which allows them to be more empathetic towards others and willing to help out. Options A and D suggest a lack of assertiveness and potentially seeking external validation, which are not necessarily indicative of high self-esteem. Option B suggests a lack of consideration for others, which is not a trait associated with high self-esteem.

Question 9

In the neo-Piagetian scheme of self-concept development,the third stage of development,which begins around 7 or 8 years of age,involves the ability to form

Accepted Answer

The third stage in the neo-Piagetian scheme of self-concept development, which begins around 7 or 8 years of age, is the stage of representational systems. This stage involves the child's ability to form mental representations of objects and events and to use these representations to think about the self and others. Class inclusion (B), sensorimotor schemes (C), and transitional inferences (D) are concepts related to earlier stages of cognitive development.

Question 10

The major contributor to self-esteem is

Accepted Answer

Social support from parents, peers, and teachers is the major contributor to self-esteem as it helps individuals feel valued and accepted. Coordination of personal and social demands also plays a role in self-esteem, but overall social support has a greater impact. Self-denial and physical appearance can have negative effects on self-esteem.

Question 11

Douglas lives in a home where everyone is expected to get along.No fighting or disagreeable behavior is tolerated.If his parents show continual disapproval of his negative behavior,Douglas is likely to

Accepted Answer

If Douglas's home emphasizes getting along and disapproves of negative behavior, it is likely that he will struggle with social adjustment if he cannot comply with these expectations. These expectations may also put pressure on him to suppress negative emotions, which can lead to long-term consequences for his well-being. Therefore, option C is the best choice. Option B may also be valid, as Douglas's sibling relationships may be strained if he is unable to comply with the household expectations, but this is not as comprehensive as option C. Option A and D are unlikely, as they do not reflect the challenges that Douglas may face in such a household.

Question 12

Brad knows that he sometimes loses his temper and gets angry at his friends.What aspect of self-definition is he developing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brad knows that he sometimes loses his...

Question 13

According to the text,school-age children exposed to parental discord and poor parenting display all EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The text states that school-age children exposed to parental discord and poor parenting display fearfulness, depression, and aggressiveness. However, there is no mention of obedience.

Question 14

Angela thinks it is important to be pretty and smart,and knows that she is both.She also values her popularity at the high school.However,Angela's self-esteem is likely to suffer if

Accepted Answer

Angela's self-esteem is based on external factors such as physical appearance, intelligence, and popularity, but ultimately it is dependent on feeling valued by important people in her life. If she does not feel valued, her self-esteem will suffer regardless of her physical appearance, academic performance, or athletic ability.

Question 15

Monica,who is 8,describes herself as very good at math and science,but average in reading and art.She also says that she is good at basketball but a terrible baseball player.According to the neo-Piagetian view of self-concept development,Monica is using

Accepted Answer

According to the neo-Piagetian view, self-concept development involves the use of representational systems, which are mental representations of one's abilities and characteristics in different domains. Monica's self-description of being good at math and science, average in reading and art, and good at basketball but not baseball, shows that she has developed representational systems for these domains of her self-concept.

Question 16

By middle childhood it appears that empathy

Accepted Answer

Empathy becomes more deeply ingrained or "hard wired" in most children during middle childhood as their cognitive and emotional abilities develop, allowing them to better understand and share the feelings of others.

Question 17

Erikson's developmental crisis of middle childhood (from about 6 to 12 years)is

Accepted Answer

Erikson's developmental crisis of middle childhood is industry versus inferiority, which focuses on children attempting to master new skills and tasks, and developing a sense of competence or feeling inferior in comparison to others.

Question 18

Children become more empathetic and more inclined to prosocial behavior during the period of

Accepted Answer

Middle childhood, typically between the ages of 6 to 12 years old, is the period when children's empathy and prosocial behavior increase. During this time, they become better at understanding and sharing the emotions of others, as well as actively trying to help others in need. This may be due to increased cognitive abilities, socialization experiences, and moral development.

Question 19

A child with low self-esteem would

Accepted Answer

A child with low self-esteem tends to worry about doing the right thing as they lack confidence in their decision-making abilities. They may also have a fear of making mistakes and facing criticism as they do not have a strong sense of self-worth.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a tradition of African American extended families?

Accepted Answer

The expectation that family take care of all needs without other's help is not a tradition of African American extended families. In fact, African American extended families often rely on support from their community and may seek outside resources to meet their needs.

Quiz 10: Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood