Question 1

Culture-relevant tests employ skills and knowledge that

Accepted Answer

Culture-relevant tests take into account the cultural experiences of the test-takers and assess skills and knowledge that are specific to their cultural background. These tests recognize that different cultures may value different types of knowledge or have different ways of thinking and communicating, and therefore require tests that are adapted to their specific cultural context.

Question 2

__________ refers to a process of memory often employed in memory tasks,in which the person may be asked to identify from among several choices a fact,a word,or other item from memory.

Accepted Answer

Recognition refers to identifying a previously learned or encountered item from among other items presented as choices. Recall refers to retrieving information from memory without any cues or prompts, retrieval refers to the process of accessing stored information, and assimilation refers to the process of incorporating new information into existing knowledge structures.

Question 3

After a test,Jill identified and then learned the information that she had forgot for the test.She noted that there was a "saving" in that the information was learned faster the second time.Jill has discovered the concept of ____.

Accepted Answer

The concept that Jill has discovered is relearning, which involves learning information again after it has been forgotten. This process often results in faster learning compared to the first time the information was learned. The other answer choices (B, C, and D) do not accurately describe the concept Jill has discovered.

Question 4

Anytime we read,we unconsciously and effortlessly remember the meanings of particular words and even how to read.These are examples of everyday tasks that primarily involve __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory is the type of memory that involves tasks that are performed unconsciously and effortlessly, such as reading and recalling the meanings of words. It is a type of non-declarative memory that does not require conscious effort or awareness. Episodic and semantic memory are types of explicit memory, which involve conscious awareness and deliberate recall of past events and facts.

Question 5

__________ refers to the means by which people draw on past knowledge in order to use such knowledge in the present;it refers to the dynamic mechanisms associated with the retention and retrieval of information.

Accepted Answer

The description refers to the concept of memory, which includes the retention and retrieval of past knowledge for present use. A and D represent specific types of memory stores, while B refers to the way in which memory is organized rather than the mechanisms of retention and retrieval.

Question 6

Fill-in-the-blank tests can be memory tasks,which require that students employ primarily the memory process of

Accepted Answer

Fill-in-the-blank tests require students to retrieve information from memory and reproduce it. This is known as recall, which is the process of retrieving information from memory without any prompting or cues. In contrast, recognition involves identifying information that has been previously presented, which is not the case in fill-in-the-blank tests. Access and production are not relevant to the process required for fill-in-the-blank tests.

Question 7

Participants in an experiment read over a list of words.A second unrelated task (a filler task)is then completed.For the final task,participants rate letter strings as words or non-words.The results indicate that participants in general were faster at identifying words from the first list.This facilitation in response to those items from the first task is an example of

Accepted Answer

The facilitation in response to the words from the first task is an example of priming. Priming occurs when exposure to one stimulus influences the response to a subsequent stimulus. In this case, reading the words in the first task primed the participants' brains, making it easier for them to identify words as words in the final task. This is a classic example of priming in cognitive psychology.

Question 8

__________ refers to a process of memory often employed in memory tasks,in which the person is asked to produce a fact,a word,or other item from memory.

Accepted Answer

Recall involves retrieving information from memory without any cues or prompts, whereas recognition involves identifying or recognizing information when given a cue or prompt. Identification involves matching a presented stimulus to a stored memory trace, and production is a more general term that can refer to any act of creating or generating something, such as speech or behavior.

Question 9

__________ memory refers to a form of memory retrieval in which a person consciously acts to recall or recognize particular information.

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory involves conscious recollection of past experiences, facts or events. Episodic memory is a type of explicit memory that involves personal experiences, while semantic memory involves general knowledge and concepts. Implicit memory, on the other hand, is non-conscious memory retrieval and does not require deliberate effort to remember.

Question 10

Max is a volunteer for a psychological experiment.He has been asked to listen carefully to a list of words.He has been instructed to try to remember as many of these words as possible in any order and to write them down after a signal.Max is participating in a __________ recall task.

Accepted Answer

Free-recall task involves recalling information in any order, without any specific structure or sequence. In this case, Max is instructed to remember and write down the words in any order, which makes it a free-recall task. Serial recall involves remembering and recalling information in a specific sequence or order, paired-associates recall involves recalling pairs of related words, and structured recall involves recalling information within a specific framework or structure.

Question 11

__________ recall refers to a type of recall task used in experiments in which the participant recalls items in the exact order in which they were presented.

Accepted Answer

Serial recall involves remembering items in the exact sequence or order in which they were presented, which is crucial in tasks like remembering a list of words or a string of numbers in the order they were given.

Question 12

Multiple-choice exams can be memory tasks,which require that students employ primarily the memory process of

Accepted Answer

Multiple-choice exams typically require recognition of the correct answer among a set of choices, rather than recalling the answer from memory. The other answer choices (recall, access, production) do not accurately describe the primary memory process used in multiple-choice exams.

Question 13

Melissa volunteered to participate in a psychological experiment.She has been instructed to listen carefully to a list of words,because later she will have to remember as many of these words as possible in the exact order in which they were presented.Melissa is participating in a __________ recall task.

Accepted Answer

A serial recall task requires the individual to remember items in the exact order in which they were presented, which aligns with the instructions given to Melissa in this experiment. Free recall tasks allow participants to recall items in any order, paired-associates require linking two items together, and structured recall tasks have predetermined categories or organization for the items to be recalled.

Question 14

According to Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968),__________ is/are structures and __________ is/are the information stored in the structures.

Accepted Answer

According to Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968), "stores" refer to the structures in their model of memory, and "memory" refers to the information stored within these structures.

Question 15

__________ recall refers to a type of recall task used in experiments in which the participant recalls items in any order he or she chooses.

Accepted Answer

Free recall is a type of recall task in which the participant is free to recall the items in any order that they choose, without any specific sequence or structure to follow. This is different from serial recall, in which the participant is asked to recall the items in a specific order. Therefore, the best choice is D, free recall.

Question 16

Recall memory is to _____ as recognition memory is to _____.

Accepted Answer

Recall memory requires the active retrieval of information without the presence of the original stimuli, similar to how expressive knowledge involves actively producing knowledge (e.g., speaking or writing). Recognition memory involves identifying information when it is presented, akin to receptive knowledge where one understands information (e.g., listening or reading comprehension).

Question 17

The design of test items __________ is not an example of a basic strategy for attempting to create culture-relevant tests.

Accepted Answer

Translating test items from one language to another without considering cultural context does not ensure the test is culture-relevant.

Question 18

__________ recall refers to a type of recall task used in experiments in which items are presented in pairs,and during recall,the participant is cued with one member of each pair and is asked to recall the mate of each cued item.

Accepted Answer

Cued recall involves presenting items in pairs and then cueing participants with one item from each pair, asking them to recall the mate of the cued item.

Question 19

__________ memory refers to a form of memory retrieval in which a person uses recalled or recognized information without consciously being aware of doing so.

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory is a type of long-term memory that does not require conscious awareness or thought. It is often used to perform automatic tasks or skills, such as riding a bike or typing on a keyboard, without needing to consciously think about each step involved.

Question 20

Jacoby suggests that both implicit and explicit memory play a role in every response.His model is called

Accepted Answer

Jacoby's model is called the process-dissociation model, which suggests that both implicit and explicit memory processes play a role in every response. This model proposes that the two processes can act independently or interactively, depending on the task, context, and other factors. The model uses experimental manipulations and mathematical formulas to estimate the relative contributions of each process to the behavioral outcome.

Quiz 5: Memory: Models and Research Methods

Culture-relevant tests employ skills and knowledge that

__________ refers to a process of memory often employed in memory tasks,in which the person may be asked to identify from among several choices a fact,a word,or other item from memory.

After a test,Jill identified and then learned the information that she had forgot for the test.She noted that there was a "saving" in that the information was learned faster the second time.Jill has discovered the concept of ____.

Anytime we read,we unconsciously and effortlessly remember the meanings of particular words and even how to read.These are examples of everyday tasks that primarily involve __________ memory.

__________ refers to the means by which people draw on past knowledge in order to use such knowledge in the present;it refers to the dynamic mechanisms associated with the retention and retrieval of information.

Fill-in-the-blank tests can be memory tasks,which require that students employ primarily the memory process of

__________ refers to a process of memory often employed in memory tasks,in which the person is asked to produce a fact,a word,or other item from memory.

__________ memory refers to a form of memory retrieval in which a person consciously acts to recall or recognize particular information.

Max is a volunteer for a psychological experiment.He has been asked to listen carefully to a list of words.He has been instructed to try to remember as many of these words as possible in any order and to write them down after a signal.Max is participating in a __________ recall task.

__________ recall refers to a type of recall task used in experiments in which the participant recalls items in the exact order in which they were presented.

Multiple-choice exams can be memory tasks,which require that students employ primarily the memory process of

According to Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) , is/are structures and is/are the information stored in the structures.

__________ recall refers to a type of recall task used in experiments in which the participant recalls items in any order he or she chooses.

Recall memory is to _ as recognition memory is to _.

The design of test items __________ is not an example of a basic strategy for attempting to create culture-relevant tests.

__________ recall refers to a type of recall task used in experiments in which items are presented in pairs,and during recall,the participant is cued with one member of each pair and is asked to recall the mate of each cued item.

__________ memory refers to a form of memory retrieval in which a person uses recalled or recognized information without consciously being aware of doing so.

Jacoby suggests that both implicit and explicit memory play a role in every response.His model is called

Quiz 5: Memory: Models and Research Methods

Culture-relevant tests employ skills and knowledge that

__________ refers to a process of memory often employed in memory tasks,in which the person may be asked to identify from among several choices a fact,a word,or other item from memory.

After a test,Jill identified and then learned the information that she had forgot for the test.She noted that there was a "saving" in that the information was learned faster the second time.Jill has discovered the concept of ____.

Anytime we read,we unconsciously and effortlessly remember the meanings of particular words and even how to read.These are examples of everyday tasks that primarily involve __________ memory.

__________ refers to the means by which people draw on past knowledge in order to use such knowledge in the present;it refers to the dynamic mechanisms associated with the retention and retrieval of information.

Fill-in-the-blank tests can be memory tasks,which require that students employ primarily the memory process of

__________ refers to a process of memory often employed in memory tasks,in which the person is asked to produce a fact,a word,or other item from memory.

__________ memory refers to a form of memory retrieval in which a person consciously acts to recall or recognize particular information.

Max is a volunteer for a psychological experiment.He has been asked to listen carefully to a list of words.He has been instructed to try to remember as many of these words as possible in any order and to write them down after a signal.Max is participating in a __________ recall task.

__________ recall refers to a type of recall task used in experiments in which the participant recalls items in the exact order in which they were presented.

Multiple-choice exams can be memory tasks,which require that students employ primarily the memory process of

According to Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) ,__________ is/are structures and __________ is/are the information stored in the structures.

__________ recall refers to a type of recall task used in experiments in which the participant recalls items in any order he or she chooses.

Recall memory is to _____ as recognition memory is to _____.

The design of test items __________ is not an example of a basic strategy for attempting to create culture-relevant tests.

__________ recall refers to a type of recall task used in experiments in which items are presented in pairs,and during recall,the participant is cued with one member of each pair and is asked to recall the mate of each cued item.

__________ memory refers to a form of memory retrieval in which a person uses recalled or recognized information without consciously being aware of doing so.

Jacoby suggests that both implicit and explicit memory play a role in every response.His model is called

According to Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) , is/are structures and is/are the information stored in the structures.

Recall memory is to _ as recognition memory is to _.