Question 1

Which instrument would be most useful for documenting the eye movements associated with REM sleep

Accepted Answer

Electrooculograph (EOG) is the instrument that records eye movements by measuring the electrical activity of the eye muscles. The eye movements during REM sleep are rapid and frequent, and the EOG is the most accurate tool for detecting them, making it the most useful instrument to document REM sleep. Electromyograph (EMG) measures muscle activity, which can be helpful in detecting sleep disorders like sleep apnea. Electrocardiograph (ECG) measures heart activity and can be useful in diagnosing heart disorders. Electroencephalograph (EEG) measures brain waves and can be useful in analyzing brain activity during sleep.

Question 2

What does an electromyograph record

Accepted Answer

An electromyograph (EMG) records muscular activity and tension. It measures the electrical activity of muscles during contraction and relaxation, allowing for the analysis of muscle function and potential dysfunction.

Question 3

What helps to reduce the effects of rotating shift work

Accepted Answer

The answer of What helps to reduce the effects of...

Question 4

Which statement best describes people who work on rotating shift schedules (e.g.,sometimes days,other times evenings or nights)compared to people who work the same shift all the time (e.g.,always days,evenings or nights)

Accepted Answer

Rotating shift workers often experience disruptions in their sleep patterns and circadian rhythms, leading to increased fatigue. This can result in a higher rate of accidents and lower productivity compared to those with consistent work schedules.

Question 5

What is likely to occur after signals are sent from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the pineal gland

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus controls the circadian rhythm and sends signals to the pineal gland to release the hormone melatonin. Melatonin resets the circadian rhythm based on external cues such as light and darkness.

Therefore, Choice A (circadian rhythms will be reset) is the most likely occurrence after signals are sent from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the pineal gland.

Question 6

Which instrument is NOT usually used to monitor sleep in the laboratory

Accepted Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET) is not typically used to monitor sleep in the laboratory. It is a type of imaging test that can be used to measure brain activity, but it involves the injection of a radioactive tracer and is not commonly used for routine monitoring of sleep. The other options, electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), and electrooculography (EOG), are all commonly used in sleep studies to monitor muscle activity, brain waves, and eye movements, respectively.

Question 7

What happens when we set the clock ahead in the spring for Daylight Savings Time

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that there is an increase in traffic accidents in the week following the switch to Daylight Savings Time in the spring, likely due to the disruption of sleep patterns.

Question 8

Which EEG brain wave patterns are found in stage 1 sleep

Accepted Answer

Theta brain waves are most commonly found in stage 1 sleep.

Question 9

What causes the human pineal gland to secrete melatonin

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is known as the "master clock" of the body and is responsible for regulating our circadian rhythms, including the secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland. When the suprachiasmatic nucleus receives signals about light and darkness, it sends signals to the pineal gland to either increase or decrease melatonin secretion. Therefore, signals from the suprachiasmatic nucleus cause the human pineal gland to secrete melatonin.

Question 10

After which flight would a flight attendant experience the most jet lag,based on what is known about circadian rhythms and jet lag

Accepted Answer

Jet lag is typically worse when traveling in an eastward direction due to the disruption of the body's circadian rhythms. Option B involves traveling from west to east (Victoria to Toronto), which would result in the flight attendant experiencing the most jet lag.

Question 11

Which area of the brain receives signals directly from the retina to adjust your biological clock

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is the area of the brain that receives signals directly from the retina to adjust the biological clock.

Question 12

If you are on a sports team that must travel across several time zones for a big game,which situation would result in the best odds of your team winning

Accepted Answer

Traveling west two days before the game will give the body time to adjust to the new time zone and minimize the effects of jet lag. Traveling the night before the game, whether traveling east or west, may result in players feeling fatigued and performing sub-optimally due to disrupted sleep schedules. Traveling east on the day of the game may also result in the team feeling jet-lagged and tired, affecting their performance.

Question 13

Which trip would cause the most problems with your sleep cycle

Accepted Answer

Flying three hours east would be the most disruptive to your sleep cycle, as it involves crossing multiple time zones and adjusting to an earlier time, which can lead to jet lag and difficulty sleeping at the destination.

Question 14

What is the state of consciousness known as sleep,according to behavioural and physiological research

Accepted Answer

Behavioral and physiological research has found that sleep consists of several distinct stages, each with its own characteristic level of mental and physical activity. These stages include REM (rapid eye movement) and non-REM stages, during which different types of brain waves and physiological changes occur.

Question 15

Sleepwalking occurs when a person arises and wanders about while remaining asleep.What is another term for sleepwalking

Accepted Answer

Somnambulism is the technical term for sleepwalking. The other options are not related to sleepwalking.

Question 16

Which individual is likely to get the least amount of sleep

Accepted Answer

Someone who works a rotating shift will have the most disrupted sleep pattern as their schedule changes frequently, making it difficult to establish a consistent sleep routine. This can lead to sleep deprivation and other related health issues.

Question 17

Which area of the brain secretes melatonin as part of the sleep cycle

Accepted Answer

The pineal gland is responsible for secreting melatonin as part of the sleep cycle. The suprachiasmatic nucleus plays a role in regulating the sleep cycle, but does not produce melatonin. The thalamus is involved in sensory processing and the medulla regulates autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, but neither are directly involved in the sleep cycle or melatonin secretion.

Question 18

Gunther is a news anchor who just flew from Vancouver to Paris,crossing eight time zones.What can you predict for Gunther,based on what is known about jet lag

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gunther is a news anchor who just...

Question 19

Which instrument would be used to measure muscle tension

Accepted Answer

Electromyograph (EMG) measures muscle tension by detecting the electrical activity produced by muscles during contraction. EMG is commonly used in research and clinical settings to assess conditions such as muscle fatigue, muscle disorders, and muscle injuries. A polygraph, electroencephalograph, and electrooculograph do not measure muscle tension.

Question 20

What regulates sleep and waking and consists of the afferent fibres running through the reticular formation that influence physiological arousal

Accepted Answer

The ascending reticular activating system is a system of afferent fibers running through the reticular formation that influence physiological arousal and regulate sleep and waking. The other options listed (cerebellum, nucleus accumbens, medulla) are not directly related to regulating sleep and waking.

Quiz 5: A: Variations in Consciousness