Question 1

Which personality approach is a collection of diverse theories which focus on unconscious mental forces as a primary determinant of behaviour

Accepted Answer

The collection of diverse theories which focus on unconscious mental forces as a primary determinant of behavior is known as psychodynamic theory. This approach includes the works of Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and other psychologists who believed that unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories play a significant role in determining behavior.

Question 2

Which Freudian concept suggests that a male child desires his mother and fears his father

Accepted Answer

The Oedipal complex is a Freudian concept that suggests that a male child desires his mother and fears his father. It is named after the Greek mythological character Oedipus, who unknowingly fulfilled a prophecy by killing his father and marrying his mother. Freud believed that this desire for the mother and fear of the father is a natural and normal developmental phase for boys, and that it is eventually resolved through identification with the father.

Question 3

Freud's concept of the unconscious is most like which of Jung's concepts

Accepted Answer

Freud's concept of the unconscious primarily refers to a personal level of mental processes that are not readily accessible to consciousness but influence thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Jung's concept of the "personal unconscious" is the closest match, as it also pertains to the individual's repressed or forgotten experiences and is distinct from his broader concept of the "collective unconscious," which refers to structures of the unconscious mind shared among beings of the same species.

Question 4

Why does a person become fixated at a particular psychosexual stage,according to Freud

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, fixation at a particular psychosexual stage occurs when there is either excessive gratification or excessive frustration of needs during that stage. This can lead to certain personality traits and behaviors that persist throughout the individual's life. Genetics or brain chemistry are not emphasized in Freud's theory of psychosexual development, and while parenting may play a role, it is not the primary determinant of fixation.

Question 5

Which stage of Freud's psychosexual development is in place for a 4- to 5-year-old child

Accepted Answer

The phallic stage of psychosexual development occurs from ages 3 to 6 and is characterized by the development of the Oedipus or Electra complex and a focus on genitalia. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer.

Question 6

Abdul is 14 years old and has just begun puberty.Which stage is Abdul entering,according to Freud's stages of psychosexual development

Accepted Answer

Abdul is entering the genital stage of Freud's stages of psychosexual development, which typically begins at puberty and focuses on mature sexual interests.

Question 7

Which term refers to emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning,in Jung's theory

Accepted Answer

According to Jung's theory, archetypes are emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning, representing innate human experiences and patterns of behavior. Mandalas are circular symbols in Eastern religious traditions, central memories are not related to Jung's theory, and although prototypes can have universal meaning, they are not specifically linked to emotions and thought forms.

Question 8

Which theorist advanced the concept that the unconscious has two layers,the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung advanced the concept that the unconscious has two layers. The personal unconscious contains all of an individual's repressed thoughts, feelings, and experiences. The collective unconscious is made up of archetypes, which are universal symbols and images that are present in the unconscious of all people across cultures and time periods.

Question 9

Ashley is 9 years old,and it seems that every day she brings home a different friend from school.As she expands her social contacts beyond her immediate family,which of Freud's stages fits Ashley's behaviour

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual development theory, the latency stage occurs between ages 6 and puberty and is characterized by a focus on socializing and developing intellectual and creative skills rather than sexual interests or impulses. In this stage, children tend to form same-sex peer relationships, such as Ashley bringing home different friends from school each day. Therefore, Ashley's behavior is most fitting with the latency stage of development.

Question 10

Five-year-old Samuel often tells his older sister: "I can't wait to grow up,so I can marry mommy." Which Freudian stage is Samuel most likely in

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual development theory, children between the ages of 3 and 6 are in the phallic stage, characterized by the focus of pleasure on the genitalia. The Oedipus and Electra complexes also arise during this stage, where children develop attraction towards the opposite-sex parent and a sense of competition with the same-sex parent. Samuel's desire to marry his mother suggests that he is experiencing the Oedipus complex.

Question 11

Fixation at what psychosexual stage would explain a compulsive smoker's behaviour

Accepted Answer

The oral stage occurs from birth to twelve months and is characterized by the infant's primary source of pleasure being derived from sucking and biting. A fixation at this stage can result in oral behaviors such as smoking, overeating, and nail-biting, as the individual continues to seek oral pleasure and satisfaction.

Question 12

What is the Freudian period that begins with puberty

Accepted Answer

The Freudian period that begins with puberty is the genital stage. This is the final stage of Freud's psychosexual development theory, where sexual interests mature during puberty.

Question 13

During which stage did Freud say that we identify with a gender

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the phallic stage (ages 3-6) is when children become curious about their own genitals and those of others. During this stage, children develop the Oedipus complex (boys) or Electra complex (girls) and develop a sense of gender identity and begin to identify with their same-sex parent.

Question 14

Vanessa bites her nails so badly that they bleed,but she can't seem to stop herself from doing this.According to Freud,at what stage is Vanessa fixated

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual stages, nail-biting is a symptom associated with the oral stage. The oral stage occurs from birth to around 18 months old when the primary source of pleasure is through the mouth. Therefore, Vanessa may be fixated in the oral stage.

Question 15

Lucas is a 25-year-old male who is extremely anxious about any type of sexual activity.How might this anxiety have developed,according to Freud's view of personality development

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lucas is a 25-year-old male who is...

Question 16

What do children go through during Freud's latency stage

Accepted Answer

During Freud's latency stage, children begin to expand their social contacts beyond the immediate family. They become more interested in school, hobbies, and same-sex friendships rather than sexual urges or desires. This stage typically occurs between the ages of six and twelve.

Question 17

Which list represents the correct order of the stages in psychosexual development

Accepted Answer

The correct order of Freud's stages of psychosexual development is oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

Question 18

What is the name Carl Jung used to identify the level of the unconscious that stores latent memory traces inherited from our ancestral past

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung used the term "collective unconscious" to describe the level of the unconscious that stores latent memory traces inherited from our ancestral past. This collective unconscious is made up of archetypes, or universal patterns of behavior and experience, that are inherited by all humans.

Question 19

Which complex is associated with a boy fearing his father and desiring his mother

Accepted Answer

The Oedipal complex is associated with a boy fearing his father and desiring his mother, and is a key concept in Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. It occurs during the phallic stage of development (ages 3-6) and is characterized by a child's unconscious sexual desire for the opposite-gender parent and hostility towards the same-gender parent. This complex is named after the Greek myth of Oedipus, who unknowingly killed his father and married his mother.

Question 20

Which psychoanalytic manoeuvre is considered the "flagship in the psychoanalytic fleet of defence mechanisms"

Accepted Answer

Repression is considered the "flagship in the psychoanalytic fleet of defence mechanisms" as it involves blocking or pushing away thoughts, feelings or memories that cause distress or conflict into the unconscious mind. It serves as a protective mechanism for the individual, but can also lead to psychological problems if used excessively.

Quiz 12: A: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment