Question 1

Marta just completed a personality scale designed to measure the three higher-order traits identified by Hans Eysenck.She scored low in the personality trait of neuroticism.What does this suggest about Marta

Accepted Answer

Marta's low score in neuroticism suggests that she is relaxed and has high self-esteem. Neuroticism is a personality trait associated with negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and moodiness. A low score in this trait indicates that Marta is less likely to experience these negative emotions and is more emotionally stable. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 2

Isaiah just completed a personality scale designed to measure the three higher-order traits identified by Hans Eysenck.He scored low in the personality trait of psychoticism.What does this suggest about Isaiah

Accepted Answer

Low psychoticism suggests that Isaiah is sensitive and caring, as psychoticism is associated with traits like aggressiveness and a lack of empathy.

Question 3

Which needs in Maslow's hierarchy are reflected in your needs for social status and for respect and recognition from others

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs identifies two levels of needs for social status and respect and recognition from others - esteem needs, which includes the desire for self-esteem and the esteem of others, and self-actualization needs, which includes the desire to achieve one's full potential. These needs fall under the esteem category in Maslow's hierarchy.

Question 4

What is NOT one of the major contributions associated with the humanistic theory of personality

Accepted Answer

Acknowledging the role that internal conflict plays in causing stress is not a major contribution associated with the humanistic theory of personality. It is more associated with the psychodynamic theory. The humanistic theory focuses on the importance of a person's subjective views, what constitutes a healthy personality, and making the self-concept an important construct in psychology.

Question 5

Cody just completed a personality scale designed to measure the three higher-order traits identified by Hans Eysenck.He scored low in the personality trait of extraversion.What does this suggest about Cody

Accepted Answer

A low score in extraversion suggests that Cody is likely introverted, quiet, and reserved rather than assertive or moody (options B and D) or insensitive and cruel (option C).

Question 6

Kevin has been working for the same company for the past 15 years.He earns a good salary,and he feels like his co-workers are "family." However,lately he has begun to feel that his supervisors are not giving him the recognition or respect that he deserves,so he has been considering looking for another job.Which of Maslow's needs are motivating Kevin at this point

Accepted Answer

Kevin's desire for recognition and respect from his supervisors suggests that he is motivated by esteem needs, which include the need for self-esteem and the esteem of others. This need can include recognition, respect, and a sense of accomplishment. While belongingness and love needs may also be important to Kevin given his attachment to his co-workers, it seems that his primary motivation for seeking a new job is related to his desire for esteem. Self-actualization needs relate to personal growth and fulfillment, while cognitive needs relate to understanding and knowledge.

Question 7

When Katrina buys a winter coat,she focuses on its appearance,rather than the price or how warm it is.Which of Maslow's hierarchy levels is associated with this choice

Accepted Answer

Aesthetic needs, also known as self-actualization needs, are located at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This level is associated with the appreciation of beauty, balance, and form. Katrina's focus on the appearance of the winter coat suggests that she is concerned with the aesthetics of the coat, rather than how warm or safe it will keep her.

Question 8

Which of Maslow's hierarchy levels would reflect your needs to learn all you can about philosophy and understand the inner workings of our political system

Accepted Answer

The cognitive level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs involves the desire for knowledge, understanding, and exploration, which aligns with the need to learn about philosophy and political systems.

Question 9

Dr.Price believes that personality is largely determined by an individual's genetic makeup and that personality traits run in families.Who would most agree with Dr.Price's view of personality

Accepted Answer

Hans Eysenck was a psychologist who believed that personality was largely inherited and biologically determined, which aligns with Dr. Price's view. Eysenck's theory emphasized the role of genetics in shaping key traits such as extraversion and emotional stability.

Question 10

What would the self-actualizing person NOT do,according to Maslow's theory

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's theory, a self-actualizing person is comfortable being alone and values independence and privacy, making them unlikely to feel uncomfortable when alone or detached.

Question 11

Which criticism can be levelled against both the psychoanalytic approach and the humanistic approach to personality

Accepted Answer

Both the psychoanalytic approach, founded by Sigmund Freud, and the humanistic approach, with key figures like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, are criticized for being difficult to test empirically. Their concepts are often abstract and lack operational definitions, making empirical validation challenging.

Question 12

Shayna has a job that pays well,and she has three children who are now all in adolescence.For the past few months,she has found herself increasingly restless,so she is thinking about enrolling in university and taking some classes in art,which has always interested her.What needs are motivating Shayna,according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, cognitive needs involve the desire to acquire knowledge and understanding. It seems that Shayna's motivation to enroll in university and take art classes is driven by her interest in acquiring new knowledge and obtaining a deeper understanding of a subject that she finds fascinating. This aligns with the cognitive needs category in the hierarchy. The other answer options (esteem needs, belongingness and love needs, and aesthetic needs) do not seem to fit Shayna's situation as well as cognitive needs do.

Question 13

Who contends that personality is determined to a large extent by a person's genes

Accepted Answer

Hans Eysenck is known for his theory that personality is heavily influenced by genetics. He believed that genetics played a larger role than environmental factors in determining personality traits such as introversion and extraversion.

Question 14

What is NOT an expected characteristic of a self-actualizing person

Accepted Answer

A self-actualizing person is more likely to have a small, close-knit group of friends rather than a strong need to affiliate with many people. They value deep, meaningful connections over superficial relationships.

Question 15

Which trait involves being egocentric,impulsive,cold,and antisocial,according to Hans Eysenck

Accepted Answer

According to Hans Eysenck, the trait that involves being egocentric, impulsive, cold, and antisocial is psychoticism. Neuroticism is a trait characterized by emotional instability, introversion refers to the preference for solitude and reflection, and extraversion refers to the tendency to seek stimulation and company of others.

Question 16

Samantha has a career that she enjoys,has loving relationships with her partner and her children,and is very active in a charitable organization that means a lot to her.She often pauses to enjoy the little things in her life and finds humour in many of her experiences.Which humanist term best describes Samantha

Accepted Answer

Samantha is living a fulfilling life by pursuing her interests and enjoying her relationships. This aligns with the concept of self-actualization in humanistic psychology, which involves fulfilling one's unique potential and becoming the best version of oneself. The other options do not accurately describe Samantha's behavior or attitudes.

Question 17

Esteban has a job that pays well,and he recently moved to a neighbourhood where there is little crime.Lately,he finds that he is thinking seriously about finding the right person to settle down with and raising a family.What need motivates Esteban at this point in his life,according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for belongingness and love is the third level of needs. This need includes the desire to establish intimate social relationships and to form a family. As Esteban is seeking to settle down and start a family, it can be assumed that his motivational need currently falls under this category.

Question 18

Fred was the highest-paid news anchor in prime-time television.He had been with the same national network for 20 years.His co-workers couldn't believe it when Fred cleared out his office one day and announced he was going to become a volunteer with an international relief agency.He explained,"I feel I need to make a fundamental change in my life if I am going to continue to grow as a person." What are Fred's actions consistent with

Accepted Answer

Fred's actions are consistent with Maslow's concept of self-actualizing individuals. Maslow believed that individuals who have met their basic needs and reached a level of self-actualization may feel a need for personal growth and may pursue activities that fulfill their potential and contribute to the betterment of society. Fred's decision to become a volunteer with an international relief agency seems to align with this idea.

Question 19

What is one of the major criticisms of the humanistic approach to personality

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach to personality has been criticized for being too optimistic about human nature, assuming that people are inherently good and have an innate drive to make themselves and the world better. Critics argue that this perspective may overlook or underestimate the complexity of human behavior, including negative or destructive tendencies.

Question 20

Which of Eysenck's higher-order traits is associated with being sociable,assertive,active,and lively

Accepted Answer

Extraversion, one of Eysenck's higher-order traits, is associated with being sociable, assertive, active, and lively. Sensation-seeking relates more to the tendency to seek out novel and exciting experiences, while self-actualization and self-monitoring are not directly related to these specific behavioral characteristics.

Quiz 12: A: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment