Question 1

Who among the following are most likely to take the longest time for acculturation?

Accepted Answer

Adults with high ethnic identification are more likely to have strong cultural ties and may take longer to adapt to new cultural norms and practices.

Question 2

Robin, a teenager, has excelled in horse riding and rock climbing. It is quite common for people of his native culture to learn these two sports. Robin's excellence at both the sports is most likely the result of _____.

Accepted Answer

Robin's excellence in horse riding and rock climbing is most likely the result of enculturation, which refers to the process by which an individual learns and adopts the norms, values, and behaviors of their culture. In this case, Robin's culture likely emphasizes these two sports and provides ample opportunities and resources for individuals to learn and excel in them.

Question 3

In the United States, people wear black to funerals, while in China, people wear white. This difference best exemplifies _____.

Accepted Answer

The fact that black is worn to funerals in the United States and white is worn to funerals in China demonstrates a difference in cultural norms. Cultural norms are specific behaviors, practices, and customs that are considered normal and appropriate within a particular culture. The choice of wearing a particular color to a funeral is a norm within each respective culture. Cultural sentiment and biases may play a role in these norms, but the primary reason for this difference is due to cultural norms. Cultural sanctions are penalties for violating cultural norms, but they do not apply in this scenario.

Question 4

_____ are the specific expectations that are associated with each type of person.

Accepted Answer

Role expectations refer to the specific expectations that are associated with each type of person or position within a social system. These expectations can be formal, such as job responsibilities, or informal, such as social norms and etiquette. Rational expectations refer to the predictions or expectations individuals make about future events based on their past experiences and the available information. Cultural sanctions refer to the formal and informal ways that a society enforces its norms and values. Complementarities refer to situations where individuals or groups are able to work together in a mutually beneficial manner.

Question 5

Thirst, a beverage manufacturer, markets its products worldwide using the same strategy. However, the tagline in their ads and the music used in their jingles change according to the place. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of glocalization, which refers to a strategy where global companies adapt their products and marketing strategies to suit local tastes and preferences. Thirst is using the same strategy but adapting its tagline and jingle to suit the cultural context of different countries. This allows the company to maintain a consistent global brand identity while also appealing to local consumers. Enculturation refers to the process of learning and adopting the cultural norms and values of a particular group, while metric and translational equivalence refer to the accuracy of measurement and translation across different languages, respectively.

Question 6

The process of learning by imitating others' behavior is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

The process of learning by imitating others' behavior is known as modeling. Shaping refers to gradually reinforcing behaviors to reach a desired outcome. Reinforcing involves providing consequences (positive or negative) to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Diffusing refers to the spread of information or ideas.

Question 7

Men tend to share some feminine traits in a culture with low _____.

Accepted Answer

According to Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, masculinity refers to a society in which traditional gender roles are emphasized and men are expected to possess qualities such as assertiveness and competitiveness. Therefore, a culture with low masculinity would have less emphasis on traditional gender roles and would be more accepting of men displaying feminine traits.

Question 8

The term _____ refers to a rule that specifies the appropriate behavior in a given situation within a specific culture.

Accepted Answer

A cultural norm is a rule that outlines the appropriate behavior in a given situation within a specific culture. It guides people's behavior and helps maintain social order within a community. Cultural bias refers to a preference for one culture over another, cultural sensitivity refers to being aware and respectful of different cultures, and cultural sanction refers to the punishment or social approval that results from conforming to or violating cultural norms.

Question 9

Alex, an American, was invited to a formal dinner by his French manager. He was not sure about the correct flatware to be used for each course. He took his cues from the other diners and copied them. Alex's behavior is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Alex's behavior of copying the other diners is an example of modeling, which refers to learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others.

Question 10

Which of the following core societal value (CSV) dimensions captures distinctions existing in societies based on mannerisms typically associated with traits such as assertiveness and control over traits such as caring, conciliation, and community?

Accepted Answer

The CSV dimension that captures distinctions based on traits such as assertiveness and control over caring, conciliation, and community is Masculinity. Masculine societies typically value competitiveness, ambition, and success, while feminine societies value cooperation, modesty, and quality of life. Therefore, option D is the correct choice.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of traditions?

Accepted Answer

Traditions are practices and beliefs that are passed down through generations and become part of a culture's identity. Over time, they become embedded in the culture and become relatively stable, though they may still evolve and change in subtle ways. While some cultures may modify traditions more rigorously than others, traditions do not typically remain unchanged for centuries (A) or serve as social schemata for organizing knowledge about other people (D).

Question 12

As a core societal value (CSV), collectivism refers to the extent to which:

Accepted Answer

Collectivism refers to the idea that individuals are seen as part of a larger, cohesive group, such as a family, community, or nation. This contrasts with individualism, where individuals are seen as independent and responsible for their own success. In collectivist societies, the needs and goals of the group are often prioritized over individual desires. Therefore, choice D is the best answer as it reflects this core societal value.

Question 13

The American society places a high value on being self-reliant as well as attaining personal milestones. According to the core societal value dimensions, the American society is most likely to be high in _____.

Accepted Answer

The American society's emphasis on being self-reliant and achieving personal milestones indicates a high level of individualism. Collectivism is the opposite of individualism and refers to a society that places more value on the collective good than on individual accomplishments. Communism is a political and economic system that is not related to societal values. Uncertainty avoidance refers to the extent to which a society feels threatened by ambiguity and uncertainty, which is not relevant to the question at hand.

Question 14

ShoppingMart, a retail store, is in the process of setting up business operations in China. Mitch, the CEO of ShoppingMart, visits China to address some operational issues. Once he reaches there, he realizes that he needs to spend a lot of time socializing with local business partners before he can start discussing the work-related issues. Mitch is learning the practice of _____.

Accepted Answer

Mitch is learning the practice of guanxi, which refers to the building of personal relationships and connections in Chinese culture in order to facilitate business dealings.

Question 15

The natives of Midland, a country in southern Europe, believe that their wine is better than the wine produced elsewhere in the world. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

The belief that one's own culture, products, and values are superior to those of other cultures is known as ethnocentrism. In this case, the natives of Midland believe that their wine is superior to the wine produced elsewhere, which is an example of consumer ethnocentrism.

Question 16

In the country of Mandolia, most restaurants and public places have separate seating arrangements to segregate customers based on their "status and position" in society. Mandolia is most likely to have a culture that:

Accepted Answer

The fact that restaurants and public places have separate seating arrangements based on "status and position" suggests a high level of power distance in Mandolia's culture. This means that there is a significant difference in power and status between different social groups, and individuals are expected to respect and adhere to these hierarchies.

Question 17

_____ refers to using numbers to represent quantities the same way across cultures.

Accepted Answer

This is referring to the concept of metric system, which is a standardized system of measuring and representing quantities using decimal numbers across different cultures and countries. This ensures that there is consistency and accuracy in communication and understanding of quantities.

Question 18

A _____ refers to the penalties associated with performing a nongratifying or culturally inconsistent behavior.

Accepted Answer

A cultural sanction refers to the penalties or negative consequences that individuals or groups face when they violate cultural norms or engage in behaviors that are not considered acceptable within a particular culture. Examples of cultural sanctions include shame, social exclusion, ridicule, and even punishment by legal authorities or community leaders. It is a way for societies to reinforce their values and norms and maintain social order.

Question 19

The physical characteristics that describe the physical environment and habitat of a particular place are known as _____.

Accepted Answer

Ecological factors describe the physical environment and habitat of a particular place. Intrinsic factors refer to internal traits or behaviors of an organism, geodemographic factors involve the study of human populations and their characteristics in relation to geographic locations, and demographic factors refer to statistical data about a population's characteristics such as age and gender.

Question 20

Daniel's workplace does not have any structured hierarchy and all employees are treated equally regardless of their designations or roles. Daniel's organization is most likely to be low in _____.

Accepted Answer

The workplace culture in which all employees are treated equally and there is no structured hierarchy is indicative of a low power distance. Power distance refers to the extent to which people in a society or organization accept and expect unequal distributions of power. A low power distance culture implies that people are less accepting of unequal distributions of power and expect to be treated as equals, leading to a flatter hierarchy or no hierarchy at all.

Quiz 9: Consumer Culture