Question 1

Every night,Melinda throws the utensils when asked to set the dinner table.Which of the following is true?
A) Having Melinda pick up the utensils, wash them, and reset the table would be an example of overcorrection.
B) Having Melinda practice setting the table in the morning would be an example of positive practice because it comes before the anticipated unacceptable behavior of that evening.
C) Having Melinda no longer set the table would be an example of negative punishment.
D) Ignoring Melinda's outburst would be a response cost.

Accepted Answer

Having Melinda pick up the utensils, wash them, and reset the table is an example of overcorrection because it involves correcting the behavior by having her perform an exaggerated form of the appropriate behavior.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of adaptive functioning?
A) conceptual
B) social
C) academic
D) practical

Accepted Answer

The three domains of adaptive functioning are conceptual (such as problem-solving, academic skills, and language), social (such as interpersonal relationships, social responsibility, and self-esteem), and practical (such as activities of daily living, occupational skills, and managing money). Academic skills are included within the conceptual domain, so C is the correct answer as it is not one of the three domains.

Question 3

Marty has an intellectual disability.He has difficulty in a variety of domains and one of these is when bowling.He doesn't wait his turn and often bowls other bowlers' frames.This reflects difficulties in which domain?
A) conceptual
B) social
C) academic
D) practical

Accepted Answer

Marty's difficulty with waiting his turn and respecting others' frames indicates a deficit in social skills.

Question 4

What is the moral of the broken-pot story in your text?
A) Once a person is broken, he or she cannot be fixed.
B) Sometimes trying to fix something breaks it even more.
C) Every person has dignity and value.
D) The value of a person is in how much he or she can do all the things that other people can do.

Accepted Answer

The broken-pot story highlights how the broken pot, which was considered useless and imperfect, was still able to contribute by watering the flowers on one side of the path. This signifies that although someone might be flawed or broken, they still have value and worth. Therefore, the moral of the story is that every person has dignity and value.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of self-injurious behaviors (SIBs)?
A) Almost all children with intellectual disability engage in SIBs.
B) SIBs are most commonly seen in children with severe and profound intellectual and adaptive impairments.
C) SIBs are less common in individuals with comorbid intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder.
D) Eye gouging is the most common SIB.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that SIBs are most commonly seen in individuals with severe and profound intellectual and adaptive impairments, although they can also be present in individuals with other developmental disabilities or mental health diagnoses. It is not accurate to say that almost all children with intellectual disability engage in SIBs, and eye gouging is not the most common form of SIB. While some studies have found that individuals with comorbid intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder may be at increased risk for SIBs, it is not accurate to say that SIBs are less common in this population.

Question 6

What is the main difference between response cost and time out?
A) Response cost is positive punishment, while time out is negative punishment.
B) Response cost is implemented by therapists, while time out is implemented by parents or caregivers.
C) Response cost is the withdrawal of a specific quantity of reinforcers, while time out is the withdrawal of reinforcers for a specific amount of time.
D) Response cost has been shown to be effective, while time out has not.

Accepted Answer

The main difference between response cost and time out is that response cost involves the withdrawal of a specific quantity of reinforcers, while time out involves the withdrawal of reinforcers for a specific amount of time. Response cost can be seen as a form of negative reinforcement, while time out is a form of negative punishment. Both techniques can be effective in reducing undesired behavior, but they need to be implemented correctly and consistently.

Question 7

Neil has been having tantrums.Neil's behavior analyst tells Neil's mom to ignore Neil's next tantrum.Which of the following is true of this approach?
A) It is negative reinforcement.
B) It is a more aversive approach than positive punishment.
C) It will likely decrease the rate of Neil's tantrums immediately.
D) It will likely be a slow but effective means of reducing Neil's tantrums.

Accepted Answer

Ignoring the tantrum is an example of extinction, a process where a behavior decreases because it is no longer reinforced. This approach often results in a gradual reduction of the behavior over time, rather than an immediate change.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of IQ in individuals with intellectual disability?
A) All those with IQs below 70 qualify for diagnosis of intellectual disability.
B) None of those with IQs above 70 qualify for diagnosis of intellectual disability.
C) About 2% to 3% of the population have IQs in the range recommended as the cutoff for intellectual disability.
D) IQ cutoffs only apply to adults with intellectual disability.

Accepted Answer

The recommended cutoff for intellectual disability is an IQ below 70, but not everyone with an IQ below 70 will necessarily qualify for a diagnosis of intellectual disability. In fact, only about 2% to 3% of the population falls in this range. The other answer choices are incorrect: A is too absolute, B is too absolute in the other direction, and D is incorrect because IQ cutoffs apply to individuals of all ages, not just adults.

Question 9

The standard test for infants with global developmental delay (GDD)is
A) chromosomal microarray (CMA)
B) G-banded karyotyping
C) fMRI
D) genome hybridization

Accepted Answer

Chromosomal microarray (CMA) is the standard test for infants with global developmental delay (GDD) as it can detect genomic imbalances responsible for developmental delay, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorders. CMA provides higher resolution and a greater detection rate compared to G-banded karyotyping. fMRI and genome hybridization are not standard tests for GDD.

Question 10

Medications frequently prescribed to reduce challenging behaviors in youths with intellectual disability are ______.
A) antidepressants
B) antipsychotics
C) anxiolytics
D) sedatives

Accepted Answer

Antipsychotics are often used to reduce challenging behaviors in youths with intellectual disability. However, medications should only be used as a last resort, with close monitoring for side effects, and behavioral therapies should always be attempted first. The use of sedatives, antidepressants, and anxiolytics is generally not recommended to treat challenging behaviors in these individuals.

Question 11

Millie has an intellectual disability (ID).She had delays sitting up and walking as an infant and has been diagnosed with a biological anomaly,though now,at age 6,she can use the toilet on her own.Which degree of intellectual disability does Millie most likely have?
A) mild
B) moderate
C) severe
D) profound

Accepted Answer

The answer of Millie has an intellectual disability (ID).She had...

Question 12

Dylan always moves her fingers in the same pattern.Which of the following is true of Dylan?
A) She is exhibiting a motor stereotypy.
B) She requires behavioral treatment.
C) She can be diagnosed with stereotyped movement disorder.
D) She is almost certainly an infant as it is very rare for children past infancy to engage in these behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Moving one's fingers in the same pattern is characteristic of a motor stereotypy, which is a repetitive movement disorder that usually emerges in childhood and may persist into adulthood. It is not necessarily a cause for concern or in need of treatment unless it is causing significant impairment or distress. Option B and C are incorrect as they assume the need for behavioral treatment or a specific diagnosis. Option D is incorrect as motor stereotypies may occur in any age group, not just infants.

Question 13

What is the main difference between the DSM and AAIDD definitions of intellectual disability?
A) Only the DSM includes intellectual impairment.
B) Only the DSM includes adaptive functioning.
C) Only AAIDD focuses on needed supports.
D) Only AAIDD requires impairment to occur during the developmental period.

Accepted Answer

The main difference is that the AAIDD definition emphasizes the importance of considering the supports an individual needs, focusing on enhancing personal functioning, whereas the DSM primarily categorizes intellectual disability based on severity levels of intellectual and adaptive functioning impairments.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a way of describing and categorizing self-injurious behaviors as discussed in the text?
A) by severity
B) by setting
C) by frequency
D) by purpose

Accepted Answer

The text discusses categorizing self-injurious behaviors by severity, frequency, and purpose, but does not mention categorizing by setting.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of children with global developmental delay (GDD)?
A) All will go on to be diagnosed with intellectual disability.
B) It is called a delay because those with GDD will eventually catch up to their peers.
C) They are usually diagnosed within the first year of life.
D) They almost always have a genetic disorder such as Down syndrome that explains their problem.

Accepted Answer

Global Developmental Delay (GDD) is typically identified when a child does not reach developmental milestones at the expected times in multiple areas of development (e.g., motor, speech and language, cognition). Diagnosis often occurs early, within the first few years of life, as parents or pediatricians notice these delays. Not all children with GDD will be diagnosed with an intellectual disability later in life, nor will they all catch up to their peers. Additionally, while genetic disorders can cause GDD, not all cases of GDD are explained by genetic disorders like Down syndrome.

Question 16

How is adaptive functioning typically assessed?
A) via the child's self-report
B) via an intelligence test
C) via a checklist that parents fill out
D) via a semistructured interview given to caregivers

Accepted Answer

Adaptive functioning is typically assessed through a semistructured interview given to caregivers, such as the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS-3), Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS), or Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised (SIB-R). Caregivers are asked about the child's daily living skills, communication, socialization, and other areas of functioning to determine their level of independence and overall ability to function in their environment. Self-report and intelligence tests are not typically used to assess adaptive functioning, and while checklists may be used as part of the interview process, they alone are not sufficient for assessment.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT part of intellectual functioning?
A) processing new information
B) thinking creatively
C) forming and maintaining social relationships
D) responding rapidly and accurately

Accepted Answer

Forming and maintaining social relationships are part of social functioning, not intellectual functioning. Intellectual functioning refers to cognitive abilities such as processing new information, thinking creatively, and responding rapidly and accurately.

Question 18

Which of the following levels of intellectual disability (ID)is INCORRECTLY paired with its typical adaptive functioning range?
A) Mild; 55-70
B) Moderate; 40-55
C) Severe; 25-40
D) Intense; <25

Accepted Answer

The correct term for the most profound level of intellectual disability is "Profound," not "Intense." The typical adaptive functioning range for profound intellectual disability is indeed IQ < 25, but the term "Intense" is incorrect.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of age and intellectual disability (ID)?
A) Only children can be diagnosed with ID.
B) In order to be diagnosed with ID, onset of the intellectual and adaptive functioning problem must be in early childhood.
C) There is no age criterion for ID; anyone could develop difficulties at any age and be diagnosed with the condition.
D) ID is continuous with Alzheimer's dementia; when diagnosed in those above age 18, the diagnosis would be Alzheimer's dementia.

Accepted Answer

According to the current diagnostic criteria (DSM-5), intellectual disability is characterized by onset during the developmental period, which is defined as before 18 years of age. Therefore, in order to be diagnosed with ID, the onset of intellectual and adaptive functioning problems must occur in childhood or adolescence. While it is possible for individuals to develop cognitive impairments later in life due to brain injury, illness, or other factors, this would not be considered ID unless it meets the onset criteria.

Question 20

Which of the following factors have been found to relate to markedly lower degrees of marital satisfaction and quality of life in parents?
A) severity of the child's disability
B) low support from the spouse
C) lower levels of family-related stress
D) using problem-focused techniques to deal with stress

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following factors have been...

Quiz 5: Intellectual Disability and Developmental

Every night,Melinda throws the utensils when asked to set the dinner table.Which of the following is true?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of adaptive functioning?

Marty has an intellectual disability.He has difficulty in a variety of domains and one of these is when bowling.He doesn't wait his turn and often bowls other bowlers' frames.This reflects difficulties in which domain?

What is the moral of the broken-pot story in your text?

Which of the following is true of self-injurious behaviors (SIBs) ?

What is the main difference between response cost and time out?

Neil has been having tantrums.Neil's behavior analyst tells Neil's mom to ignore Neil's next tantrum.Which of the following is true of this approach?

Which of the following is true of IQ in individuals with intellectual disability?

The standard test for infants with global developmental delay (GDD) is

Medications frequently prescribed to reduce challenging behaviors in youths with intellectual disability are ______.

Millie has an intellectual disability (ID) .She had delays sitting up and walking as an infant and has been diagnosed with a biological anomaly,though now,at age 6,she can use the toilet on her own.Which degree of intellectual disability does Millie most likely have?

Dylan always moves her fingers in the same pattern.Which of the following is true of Dylan?

What is the main difference between the DSM and AAIDD definitions of intellectual disability?

Which of the following is NOT a way of describing and categorizing self-injurious behaviors as discussed in the text?

Which of the following is true of children with global developmental delay (GDD) ?

How is adaptive functioning typically assessed?

Which of the following is NOT part of intellectual functioning?

Which of the following levels of intellectual disability (ID) is INCORRECTLY paired with its typical adaptive functioning range?

Which of the following is true of age and intellectual disability (ID) ?

Which of the following factors have been found to relate to markedly lower degrees of marital satisfaction and quality of life in parents?