Question 1

Which of the following has NOT been supported as a theory to explain language disorder?

Accepted Answer

Bilingualism has not been supported as a theory to explain language disorder. Rather, it has been shown to have positive effects on language development and cognitive flexibility. The other options (genes and brain structure, deficits in auditory perception, deficits in rapid temporal processing) have all been proposed as possible causes of language disorder.

Question 2

Which of the following best predicts children's likelihood of developing math disability?

Accepted Answer

Performance on a number skills test is the best predictor of a child's likelihood of developing math disability. This is because difficulties with basic number concepts and operations are central to math disabilities. Intelligence, memory, and baseline knowledge of math may be related to math ability but are not as strong predictors as performance on a number skills test.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a piece of evidence discussed in the text for the genetic influence of language disorder?

Accepted Answer

The text does not mention any specific genes on the 7th chromosome linked to language disorder.

Question 4

Donald,who has language disorder,tries to follow his mom's directions.When she slowly speaks to him,he almost always does what she says,but when they are in a rush and she quickly tells him what to do,sometimes he can't quite understand.This indicates that Donald might have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Donald's difficulty in understanding directions when his mother speaks quickly suggests that he might have deficits in rapid temporal processing, which is the ability to efficiently process and comprehend quickly presented information. This is especially common in individuals with language disorders. The other choices, problems with auditory perception, delays in short-term memory, and impoverished parent-child communication, may or may not be factors affecting Donald, but the given scenario does not provide enough information to support those options.

Question 5

Which treatment seems to be most effective for improving higher-order math problem-solving for children with math disabilities?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which treatment seems to be most effective...

Question 6

Devina is getting tested for language disorder.The clinician asks her to repeat back the following words,nonderstonker, tumtasnium,and billybumpkins.What is the clinician likely assessing?

Accepted Answer

The clinician is likely assessing Devina's phonological short-term memory by asking her to repeat back the nonsense words. This is because repeating back nonsense words tests a person's ability to hold and manipulate phonological information in short-term memory. Auditory perception problems would affect Devina's ability to hear and understand the words, deficits in rapid temporal processing would affect her ability to process speech sounds quickly, and deficits in grammar would affect her ability to use language correctly in sentences.

Question 7

A 36-month-old of normal intelligence who produces only one-word phrases would be most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A 36-month-old child producing only one-word phrases would be considered to have late language emergence, as they are not yet using two-word phrases which is typical of their age range. Specific language impairment refers to language difficulties that are not due to other conditions such as hearing loss, and would present as more pervasive language difficulties. Speech sound disorder refers to difficulties in producing speech sounds, and specific learning disorder refers to difficulties with academic skills such as reading and math, which is not the issue with the one-word phrases in this case.

Question 8

Tina calls anything with writing on it (e.g.,a book,label,billboard,etc.)a "sign." This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

Tina's use of the term "sign" to refer to any item with writing on it shows overextension, which is when a child uses a word too broadly to encompass too many things.

Question 9

Norman is counting rubber ducks in the bath.He points to the first rubber duck and says,"one two." Then he points to the second rubber duck and says,"three four." Finally,he points to the third rubber duck and says,"five." He says,"there are five ducks." Norman is expressing difficulty with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Norman seems to struggle with one-to-one correspondence, which means he is not able to match one object with one number. Instead, he is counting two ducks while pointing to one, which indicates he may be having difficulty with this concept.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the lateral sulcus and language disorder?

Accepted Answer

Many studies have examined the relationship between the lateral sulcus (also known as Sylvian fissure) and language disorder, but the results have been mixed. While some studies have reported differences in the size or asymmetry of the lateral sulcus in people with language disorders, other studies have not found such associations. Therefore, option D is the most accurate as it acknowledges the variable findings in the literature.

Question 11

Deficits in short-term memory may contribute to language problems in all of the following ways EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

The statement "Children with phonological short-term memory deficits always have poor phonological awareness" is incorrect. While deficits in phonological short-term memory can contribute to phonological awareness problems, it is not a guarantee that all children with such deficits will have poor phonological awareness.

Question 12

Margie's mother asks her to pick up the red cup and bring it to the table.Margie does.This shows Margie's skills in ______.

Accepted Answer

Margie's ability to understand and follow her mother's request to pick up the red cup and bring it to the table demonstrates her receptive language skills, which involve the ability to comprehend spoken language.

Question 13

What is a tact?

Accepted Answer

A tact is a type of verbal behavior that involves making a comment or description about the environment, often in response to a stimulus.

Question 14

Which of the following is the least advanced strategy for producing the answer to 7 + 4 = 11?

Accepted Answer

Counting-all is considered the least advanced strategy for solving simple addition problems like 7 + 4 = 11, as it involves counting from one up to the total sum, which is a more basic approach compared to the other strategies listed.

Question 15

Dolores is 4 and still has not acquired language.Which of the following is NOT a reason to consider an alternative to a language disorder diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Age alone is not a reason to consider an alternative to a language disorder diagnosis, as language acquisition typically occurs within the first few years of life. Choices A, B, and D are all factors that could impact Dolores's language development and should be ruled out before considering other explanations for her lack of language skills.

Question 16

Children with specific language impairment (SLI)are typically diagnosed ______.

Accepted Answer

Children with SLI are typically diagnosed during preschool or kindergarten, as this is when language deficits become more apparent in comparison to normally developing peers. Diagnosing SLI earlier than this can be difficult as infants and toddlers may not have developed language abilities to a level that can be compared to others their age, and high school-aged children with SLI may have developed compensatory strategies that mask their language difficulties.

Question 17

What is the prognosis for individuals with late language emergence?

Accepted Answer

The prognosis for individuals with late language emergence is generally good, with most eventually developing language skills similar to their peers. While they may remain behind their peers for a period of time, language interventions can be helpful in promoting language development. Studies have also shown that most individuals with late language emergence catch up to their peers by age 5, though some may continue to experience difficulties in specific language skills. The other options (A, B, D) are not supported by research and/or are not accurate representations of the typical outcomes for individuals with late language emergence.

Question 18

Marlene says,"I see two bike." This is an example of an error in ______.

Accepted Answer

The error is in morphology because "bike" should be pluralized to "bikes" to match the quantity indicated by "two." Morphology deals with the structure of words and the rules for word formation, including pluralization.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of language given in your text?

Accepted Answer

The definition of language given in the text does not include the requirement that it must be spoken or written. While those are common forms of language, sign language and other forms of communication could also be considered language.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true of the verbal relationships between parents and their children with learning disorder?

Accepted Answer

This statement is not true according to research. Parents of children with learning disorders tend to have impoverished communication and interaction with their children even before the child's communication problems are expressed.

Quiz 7: Communication and Learning Disorders