Question 1

Zeke sometimes finds his thoughts wandering to the image of a gun pointing at him,the trauma he'd experienced 6 months ago.This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

An intrusive symptom is an unwanted and often distressing thought, memory, or image that repeatedly enters a person's mind, causing them significant distress or impairment. Zeke's thought of the gun pointing at him qualifies as an intrusive symptom as it is an unwanted thought that arises repeatedly and causes him distress.

Question 2

A child has been trapped in a well for two days.Once firefighters arrive on the scene,they tell the child,"We are working to help you.We are going to send down some food and drinks and a blanket to keep you warm while we work on getting you out.Your mom and dad are up here with us and they are ok." This approach is consistent with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The approach of providing comfort and basic needs, as well as reassuring the child and involving their parents in the situation, is consistent with psychological first aid. Trauma-focused CBT and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing are more specific therapies or interventions for addressing traumatic experiences. Needs-based physiological approach is not a recognized approach in psychology or mental health.

Question 3

Changing the negative thoughts and beliefs of sexually abused youths can best be accomplished by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive restructuring involves identifying and challenging negative and distorted thoughts and beliefs, and replacing them with more accurate and positive ones. This can be a helpful approach for sexually abused youths who may have developed negative beliefs about themselves or the world as a result of their trauma. Classical conditioning typically involves associating a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response, and is not likely to be as effective in addressing complex psychological issues. Social modeling and positive reinforcement may have some utility in promoting new behaviors or coping strategies, but are less likely to directly address negative thoughts and beliefs.

Question 4

Carlos was recently in a car crash in which his friend was killed.Sometimes,Carlos reports feeling that he is walking through a dream instead of the real world.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Carlos's feeling of walking through a dream is an example of dissociation, which is a common symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Dissociative symptoms involve feeling disconnected or detached from oneself, the surrounding environment, or reality in general. Intrusive symptoms involve experiencing repetitive and distressing recollections of the traumatic event, while negative alterations in cognition refer to changes in one's thoughts and beliefs about oneself or the world. Alterations in physical arousal include symptoms such as hypervigilance, irritability, and difficulty sleeping.

Question 5

The course of PTSD ______.

Accepted Answer

PTSD is usually more persistent in children than in adults.

Question 6

Which of the following is a component of the HPA axis?

Accepted Answer

The HPA axis refers to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which is a complex set of interactions between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland. The pituitary gland plays a crucial role in this system by releasing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal gland. Therefore, C (pituitary) is a component of the HPA axis, while A (hippocampus), B (amygdala), and D (angular gyrus) are not specifically involved in this pathway.

Question 7

Direct exposure to trauma is ______.

Accepted Answer

Direct exposure to trauma (e.g. experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event) is associated with a higher risk of developing PTSD compared to indirect exposure (e.g. learning about a traumatic event through someone else).

Question 8

A negative alteration in cognition or mood symptom is required for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

For a diagnosis of PTSD in individuals over the age of 6, the DSM-5 requires the presence of negative alterations in cognition and mood as one of the symptom clusters.

Question 9

Which of the following is the primary product of the HPA axis?

Accepted Answer

The HPA axis primarily produces cortisol. The hypothalamus secretes corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in response to stress which stimulates the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). ACTH then stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about EMDR as a treatment for children?

Accepted Answer

EMDR has been experimentally evaluated and shown to be effective in adults, but the mechanism by which it works is still unknown. There is limited research on the effectiveness of EMDR in children, but some studies suggest it may also be effective for them. Option A is incorrect because EMDR has been evaluated in research. Option B is incorrect because dreaming about traumatic events while in REM sleep is not a part of EMDR therapy. Option D is incorrect because there is no evidence to suggest that EMDR is harmful to children.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT among the reasons PTSD merits treatment?

Accepted Answer

B is incorrect because PTSD is not a contagious disease that can be spread through social networks. PTSD is a mental health condition that results from experiencing or witnessing traumatic events, and its treatment focuses on the individual's symptoms and experiences rather than preventing transmission to others.

Question 12

Which of the following is the primary goal of supportive therapy for children who have experienced physical abuse or neglect?

Accepted Answer

The primary goal of supportive therapy for children who have experienced physical abuse or neglect is to help them cope with feelings and memories associated with maltreatment and improve their sense of self and relationships with others. While building trust in caregivers (option A) may be a part of therapy, it is not the primary goal. Improving the quality of care that parents give to their children (option C) may be a goal of therapy, but not necessarily the primary one. Identifying and correcting cognitive distortions (option D) may be important, but this is not the primary goal of supportive therapy for children who have experienced physical abuse or neglect.

Question 13

A child whose aunts and uncles in a faraway city had had their home torn apart by a hurricane said,"I'm afraid that a hurricane will come and ruin our house too.Did you see the news with all the cats and dogs in the flood afterward? I don't want my dog to end up like that !" This is an example of which type of cognitive appraisal?

Accepted Answer

The child is personally relating the situation of their relatives to themselves, fearing that what happened to their aunts and uncles could also happen to them and their pet. This is an example of personalization, where an individual believes that events are directly related to them even when there is no direct connection.

Question 14

Shaken baby syndrome is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Shaken baby syndrome is a severe form of physical abuse in which an infant is violently shaken, causing damage to the brain and other organs. It is often a result of frustration and anger from a caregiver or parent.

Question 15

Cognitive restructuring for adolescents who have experienced sexual abuse is based on the finding that many of these youths report negative thoughts about which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive restructuring for adolescents who have experienced sexual abuse is based on the finding that many of these youths report negative thoughts about themselves, others, and the world. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. The other options do not reflect the typical negative thoughts reported by adolescents who have experienced sexual abuse.

Question 16

The effectiveness of Psychological First Aid has ______.

Accepted Answer

Although the entire treatment package of Psychological First Aid has not been studied through randomized controlled trials, several of its components, such as promoting social support and providing psychoeducation, have been researched and shown to enhance coping responses. Therefore, the effectiveness of Psychological First Aid is assumed from the effectiveness of these components.

Question 17

Trauma occurs in about ______ of youths and about ______ of them will develop symptoms of PTSD.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that trauma occurs in about 30% of youths, and about one-third of them will develop symptoms of PTSD.

Question 18

Research on the risks for PTSD has indicated which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children who already have elevated levels of anxiety, depression, or other mental health issues before experiencing trauma are at a higher risk for developing PTSD. Other risk factors include the severity and proximity of the trauma, repeated exposure to trauma, and lack of social support. Factors like having siblings or developmental delays do not necessarily increase the risk for PTSD.

Question 19

Molly,a 12-year-old girl of Irish descent living in Ohio,learned that a group of girls from Somalia had been kidnapped by the extremist group Boko Haram.She later watched multiple news stories about this and read about what had happened to some of the girls who had escaped and told their stories.Can this be considered a traumatic event for Molly?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Molly,a 12-year-old girl of Irish descent living...

Question 20

Which of the following individuals is statistically least likely to experience PTSD?

Accepted Answer

While any traumatic event can potentially lead to PTSD, experiencing a single incident like a building fire is statistically less likely to result in PTSD than ongoing experiences such as war, physical abuse, or witnessing domestic violence.

Quiz 12: Trauma-Related Disorders and Child Maltreatment

Zeke sometimes finds his thoughts wandering to the image of a gun pointing at him,the trauma he'd experienced 6 months ago.This is an example of ______.

Changing the negative thoughts and beliefs of sexually abused youths can best be accomplished by which of the following?

Carlos was recently in a car crash in which his friend was killed.Sometimes,Carlos reports feeling that he is walking through a dream instead of the real world.This is an example of which of the following?

The course of PTSD ______.

Which of the following is a component of the HPA axis?

Direct exposure to trauma is ______.

A negative alteration in cognition or mood symptom is required for which of the following?

Which of the following is the primary product of the HPA axis?

Which of the following is true about EMDR as a treatment for children?

Which of the following is NOT among the reasons PTSD merits treatment?

Which of the following is the primary goal of supportive therapy for children who have experienced physical abuse or neglect?

Shaken baby syndrome is which of the following?

Cognitive restructuring for adolescents who have experienced sexual abuse is based on the finding that many of these youths report negative thoughts about which of the following?

The effectiveness of Psychological First Aid has ______.

Trauma occurs in about of youths and about of them will develop symptoms of PTSD.

Research on the risks for PTSD has indicated which of the following?

Which of the following individuals is statistically least likely to experience PTSD?