Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary component of treatment for diurnal enuresis?

Accepted Answer

Punishing children for wetting during the day is not a primary component of treatment for diurnal enuresis as it can lead to further psychological issues and does not address the underlying physical causes. Helping children recognize feelings of a full bladder, increasing control over pelvic floor muscles, and increasing functional bladder capacity are all primary components of treatment for diurnal enuresis.

Question 2

Which of the following individuals with enuresis would be LEAST likely to have socioemotional problems?

Accepted Answer

Young children are less likely to have socioemotional problems related to enuresis because bedwetting at a young age is often considered developmentally normal. As children grow older, the expectation to control bladder function increases, and failure to meet these expectations can lead to socioemotional issues.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a primary way in which group therapy can be helpful for children with chronic illness?

Accepted Answer

Group therapy cannot provide a guide to a cure for chronic illness, as it is not a medical treatment or intervention. Rather, it can provide emotional and social support, as well as teach coping skills and help children develop a sense of community with others who have similar experiences.

Question 4

Max is participating in full spectrum home training for enuresis.At this point in treatment,Max is being asked to drink a small glass of water immediately before bed.Which part of the treatment is this?

Accepted Answer

Overlearning is a part of enuresis treatment where the child is asked to drink more fluids before bed to ensure that the bladder is full, testing the child's ability to wake up or hold urine overnight after the primary treatment goals have been met.

Question 5

Cognitive-behavioral therapy would be most likely to be used with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a commonly used evidence-based therapy for school-age children and adolescents with various mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, and conduct problems. It focuses on changing negative thinking patterns and maladaptive behaviors. It may also be used with children with developmental delays, but the approach would need to be modified to account for their specific needs and abilities. It may not be effective or appropriate for children with profound intellectual disability or very young children who cannot understand the concepts involved.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a cause of monosymptomatic primary enuresis?

Accepted Answer

Increased secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) is typically considered a cause of primary nocturnal enuresis. Genetics, difficulty responding to signals of a full bladder while asleep, and difficulty inhibiting urination during sleep are all commonly cited causes.

Question 7

Nina,age 4,has a lot of trouble sleeping through the night without wetting the bed.It seems almost every night she cries out that her bed is wet.Can she be diagnosed with enuresis?

Accepted Answer

Enuresis is typically diagnosed in children who are at least 5 years old and continue to wet the bed. Since Nina is only 4, she is not old enough for this diagnosis.

Question 8

Secondary enuresis is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Secondary enuresis is when a child who has been dry for a significant period of time (usually 6 months or more) suddenly starts wetting the bed again. This regression can be caused by a variety of factors, such as stress, trauma, or an underlying medical condition, and is often temporary. Unlike primary enuresis, secondary enuresis is not necessarily more common and may or may not be comorbid with another mental disorder.

Question 9

If a child habituated to the urine alarm,______.

Accepted Answer

Habituation to the urine alarm means the child becomes accustomed to it and no longer responds in the intended way, making the alarm ineffective for its purpose of stopping urination during sleep.

Question 10

A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of group therapy for children with chronic illness (Plante,Lobato,& Engel,2001)has indicated which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis found that group therapies focusing on managing children's symptoms and improving social and problem-solving skills were associated with greater improvements than those focused on facts about illnesses.

Question 11

When Jared experiences negative emotions,his therapist teaches him to think instead about a pleasant,peaceful situation-lying in his treehouse with a light breeze.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of guided imagery, where individuals are guided in imagining a peaceful and calming scene or situation to help manage stress, anxiety, or pain.

Question 12

Urine alarms are thought to stop urination through which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Urine alarms are thought to stop urination through classical conditioning by associating the sensation of a full bladder with the alarm sound, eventually leading to waking up before urination occurs.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a reason that elimination and sleep disorders are considered psychological disorders in the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Elimination and sleep disorders may have genetic components, but this is not the primary reason why they are considered psychological disorders. The other options provide more relevant and specific reasons, such as developmental trajectories and the role of caregivers in these disorders.

Question 14

Encopresis is almost always caused by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Encopresis is almost always caused by constipation and overflow incontinence. This occurs when stool becomes impacted in the rectum and colon, leading to leakage and soiling. Other factors such as behavioral issues or lack of toilet training may contribute to encopresis, but the underlying cause is typically related to constipation.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the use and effectiveness of desmopressin to treat enuresis?

Accepted Answer

Desmopressin is most commonly used on a short-term basis or in treatment-resistant cases. While it can be effective for some children, its effectiveness is not long-lasting and children often revert to bedwetting once it is discontinued. Its use is also associated with potential side effects such as decreased sodium levels and fluid retention. Therefore, it is typically not recommended as a first-line treatment for enuresis but may be considered in certain cases.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the prevalence of enuresis?

Accepted Answer

Enuresis can occur in adults, although it is more commonly seen in children.

Question 17

If you knew someone had bladder instability,which of the following conditions would you expect the person would likely have?

Accepted Answer

Bladder instability is a common cause of polysymptomatic nocturnal enuresis, meaning the person experiences multiple additional symptoms in addition to bedwetting. These symptoms include urgency, frequency, and occasional daytime incontinence.

Question 18

Michael loves to watch the Wizard of Oz and drink his favorite juice at the same time.On multiple occasions,however,he has ended up urinating on himself during the movie because he is so attuned to what is happening on the screen,he doesn't recognize the urge to use the bathroom.Michael's situation is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Michael's situation is an example of voiding postponement, where he is so focused on the movie that he ignores or does not recognize the need to urinate until it is too late.

Question 19

Pediatric psychologists often recommend that parents of children with diabetes use operant conditioning to increase children's adherence to a treatment regimen.Which of the following is LEAST likely to be recommended as part of parent's roles?

Accepted Answer

Reminding children repeatedly what they need to do is not a form of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning involves the use of rewards and punishments to increase or decrease certain behaviors. Reminders are not a form of reward or punishment. Instead, parents should focus on rewarding children for adhering to the treatment regimen and using punishments (such as removal of privileges or points) for non-compliance.

Question 20

Which of the following explanations best reflects the current understanding of the relationship between ADHD and enuresis?

Accepted Answer

Both ADHD and enuresis are thought to be related to underlying difficulties with attention and arousal. Studies have found that children with ADHD are more likely to have enuresis, and vice versa. This suggests that there may be common underlying factors involved in both conditions.

Quiz 16: Health-Related Disorders and Pediatric Psychology

Which of the following is NOT a primary component of treatment for diurnal enuresis?

Which of the following individuals with enuresis would be LEAST likely to have socioemotional problems?

Which of the following is NOT a primary way in which group therapy can be helpful for children with chronic illness?

Max is participating in full spectrum home training for enuresis.At this point in treatment,Max is being asked to drink a small glass of water immediately before bed.Which part of the treatment is this?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy would be most likely to be used with which of the following?

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a cause of monosymptomatic primary enuresis?

Nina,age 4,has a lot of trouble sleeping through the night without wetting the bed.It seems almost every night she cries out that her bed is wet.Can she be diagnosed with enuresis?

Secondary enuresis is which of the following?

If a child habituated to the urine alarm,______.

A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of group therapy for children with chronic illness (Plante,Lobato,& Engel,2001) has indicated which of the following?

When Jared experiences negative emotions,his therapist teaches him to think instead about a pleasant,peaceful situation-lying in his treehouse with a light breeze.This is an example of which of the following?

Urine alarms are thought to stop urination through which of the following?