Question 1

Which of the following self-deceptions developed by Shelley Taylor and her colleagues refers to unrealistic positive thinking about the future

Accepted Answer

Optimism is the self-deception developed by Shelley Taylor and her colleagues that refers to unrealistic positive thinking about the future. Choice A, control refers to the belief that one has more control over situations than they actually do. Choice C, meaning refers to assigning meaning to random or insignificant events. Choice D, subjectivity refers to the belief that one's own subjective experience is the objective truth.

Question 2

Endorsing someone else's values to gain their favor describes which term

Accepted Answer

Opinion conformity refers to the act of aligning one's views or beliefs with those of another person or group, often to gain their approval or favor.

Question 3

Which of the following describes subjective age

Accepted Answer

Subjective age refers to how old we feel or perceive ourselves to be, regardless of our chronological age. It is a subjective perception that can affect various aspects of our lives, including our health, wellbeing, and behavior.

Question 4

A small amount of self-deception may be considered______.

Accepted Answer

A small amount of self-deception can be considered healthy because it can help people maintain their optimism and self-confidence. It can prevent them from feeling overwhelmed by negative thoughts and feelings. However, excessive self-deception can be harmful and lead to delusion, denial, and avoidance of reality.

Question 5

Which of the following proposes that a slight distortion of reality can be healthy

Accepted Answer

The optimal margin theory proposes that a slight distortion of reality, such as having slightly higher expectations for oneself, can be healthy for individuals as it promotes motivation and achievement. Self-presentation theory suggests that individuals will present themselves in the best possible light to others, social identity theory examines how individuals identify and associate with different social groups, and social comparison theory involves individuals comparing themselves to others to evaluate their own abilities and traits.

Question 6

Which theory proposes that a certain level of illusions can be helpful

Accepted Answer

The optimal margin theory proposes that having a certain level of illusions can be helpful in promoting mental health and well-being. These illusions can serve as a buffer against the negative effects of reality, and allow individuals to maintain a positive outlook and sense of control in their lives.

Question 7

What are beliefs that depart from reality in ways that make us remain optimistic

Accepted Answer

Positive illusions refer to beliefs that depart from reality in ways that make us remain optimistic. This type of cognitive distortion allows individuals to maintain a positive self-image and a sense of control in their lives, even in the face of adversity. Examples of positive illusions include overestimating one's abilities, underestimating the risks associated with certain behaviors, and overestimating the amount of control one has over events or outcomes.

Question 8

When sharing his age with an acquaintance, Bob notes that he is 70 years old, but notes that it "is a young 70," and notes that he plays tennis everyday and travels extensively. This is an example of which of the following self-deception

Accepted Answer

Bob's statement about being a "young 70" and highlighting his active lifestyle and travels suggests that he has a subjective age that is younger than his chronological age, which is the concept of subjective age. This is different from a biased view of his traits or behavior, as he is accurately describing his qualities and activities. It is also not an example of self-discrepancy, which reflects a mismatch between how we see ourselves and how we want to be.

Question 9

______ cognitive bias is a term that describes cognitive distortions that enhance our self-concept by making us perceive ourselves a slightly better than we actually are

Accepted Answer

Self-serving bias is a cognitive bias that promotes our self-concept by making us perceive ourselves as better than we actually are. Self-awareness is the knowledge and recognition of one's own personality and behavior. Self-discrepancy refers to the differences between our actual self, ideal self, and ought self. Self-schema is the organized set of beliefs and assumptions that we have about ourselves.

Question 10

Sandra believes that she will not get into an accident because she is a good driver. This is an example of which self-deception

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sandra believes that she will not get...

Question 11

A politician who is trying to project an idea that he is wholesome candidate who values diversity. As such, the politician carefully schedules several, very public dinner dates with friends with different ethnic backgrounds. What does this exemplify

Accepted Answer

The answer of A politician who is trying to project...

Question 12

Presenting different parts of our self-concept in different social situations is an example of______.

Accepted Answer

Self-presentation theory refers to the phenomenon of presenting different aspects of our self-concept in different social situations, in order to project a desired impression to others.

Question 13

Wanda takes a personality quiz she fins on social media. At the end of the quiz, her feedback notes that she is pushy, bossy, and sometimes overbearing. Wanda shrugs and notes that even though she is a good delegator, the quiz probably isn't actually that valid. What does this exemplify

Accepted Answer

Wanda's reaction to the feedback she received from the quiz shows a biased view of feedback about herself, as she dismisses it without much consideration. This suggests that she may have a tendency to reject negative feedback or only focus on the positive aspects of her self-concept.

Question 14

Someone who discovers new life meaning after a loved one dies is experiencing which of the following

Accepted Answer

The answer of Someone who discovers new life meaning after...

Question 15

Which of the following describes explicitly attempts to present a version of yourself that you think someone else will like in order to gain something that you want

Accepted Answer

Ingratiation refers to the act of trying to win someone over or gain favor with them by presenting a specific version of yourself that you believe they will like. This is often done in order to achieve a specific goal or gain a certain benefit from the other person. Self-enhancement refers to the act of promoting or enhancing your own image, while entitlement refers to a sense of deserving something without necessarily putting in effort or earning it. Conspicuous consumption refers to the act of displaying wealth or luxury goods in order to signal social status.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of biased views of our own behavior

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving cognitive bias

Accepted Answer

Viewing ourselves as more skilled than others is an example of a self-serving cognitive bias, as it involves perceiving oneself in a positive light relative to others. This bias allows individuals to maintain a positive self-image and protect their self-esteem.

Question 18

Monica believes that very few people share her extraordinary talent for writing poetry, even though there are many people who do write poetry well. What does this exemplify

Accepted Answer

Monica's belief that very few people share her talent for writing poetry is a biased view of her own traits as she is overestimating her abilities and underestimating the abilities of others.

Question 19

Alexus has a near-death experience in which she almost drowns. After she recovers, she tells her friends that the event has changed her perspective on life and given her a renewed sense of purpose. Which type of self-deception would this be considered

Accepted Answer

Alexus' near-death experience has given her a sense of meaning and purpose in life, which falls under the category of "meaning" self-deception. Control self-deception would involve feeling like one has more control over a situation than they actually do, optimism would involve having overly positive beliefs about the future, and subjectivity would involve interpreting events in a way that is biased toward oneself.

Question 20

When you overestimate the uniqueness of your own abilities, you demonstrate______.

Accepted Answer

Overestimating the uniqueness of one's own abilities is an example of biased views of one's own traits.

Quiz 3: The Social Self