Question 1

One baby receives an X chromosome from its mother and an X chromosome from its father; it will develop as a _____.A second baby receives an X chromosome from its mother and a Y chromosome from its father; it will develop as a _____.
A)male; female
B)female; male
C)male or a female; male or a female
D)female; female

Accepted Answer

The first baby, with two X chromosomes (XX), will develop as female. The second baby, with one X and one Y chromosome (XY), will develop as male.

Question 2

A researcher raises a sample of unrelated macaque monkeys in identical laboratory environments.He finds large differences among these monkeys in their preference for novel visual stimuli.What might the researcher legitimately conclude concerning the relative contributions of nature and nurture to the preference for visual novelty?
A)Nurture has a major influence on the monkeys' preference for visual novelty.
B)Nature contributes substantially to the monkeys' preference for visual novelty.
C)Both nature and nurture have equal influence on the monkeys' preference for visual novelty.
D)Neither nature nor nurture has the ability to regulate the monkeys' preference for visual novelty.

Accepted Answer

The fact that the macaque monkeys were raised in identical laboratory environments suggests that their differences in preference for visual novelty are likely due to genetic factors or nature. This is because if the monkeys were all raised in the same environment, any environmental factors (or nurture) that could influence their preference should be equal. Therefore, the large differences observed suggest that nature contributes substantially to the monkeys' preference for visual novelty.

Question 3

Dr.Agnew remarks that cross-culturally,rites of passage may be more common for young males than for young females because males have higher status than do females in most cultures.Dr.Blaine counters by suggesting that rites of passage may be more common for young males than for young females because,unlike females,males do not experience the onset of menstruation,a well-defined event marking the end of childhood.Which of the following option characterizes the views of professors on the issue of nature vs nurture?
A)Both take a "nature" position.
B)Both take a "nurture" position.
C)Dr.Agnew takes a "nature" position; Dr.Blaine,a "nurture" position.
D)Dr.Agnew takes a "nurture" position; Dr.Blaine,a "nature" position.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Agnew's view focuses on the societal and cultural factors (nurture) influencing rites of passage, while Dr. Blaine emphasizes a biological event (nature) as a distinguishing factor.

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE of cross-sectional research?
A)It traces the behavior of one or more participants as the participants' age.
B)It does not provide information about differences in development between different age groups.
C)It compares people of different ages at the same point in time.
D)It assesses change in behavior over time.

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional research compares people of different ages at the same point in time. It does not follow participants over time, so it cannot provide information about changes or differences in development within individuals.

Question 5

Dona is a graduate student investigating the development of fine motor skills.She selects a group of children and assesses their fine motor skills every six months over a two-year period.In this example,Dona is using a _____ research method.
A)cross-sectional
B)transversal
C)longitudinal
D)single case experimental

Accepted Answer

Dona is using a longitudinal research method as she is following the same group of children over a two-year period to assess the development of their fine motor skills at different points in time. Cross-sectional research involves comparing different groups of people at the same point in time, while transversal research is not a recognized research method. Single case experimental research involves studying a single individual's behavior over time under different conditions.

Question 6

Laura and Celia are identical twins.They were adopted at birth by different families and raised in different environments.However,there are a lot of behavioral similarities between them.In the context of developmental psychology,which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
A)Their similarities reflect the influence of nature on development.
B)Their similarities are a result of differences in nurture.
C)Their similarities reflect the opposition that nurture poses to nature.
D)Their similarities prove that they were not affected by their genetic makeup.

Accepted Answer

Identical twins share the same genetic makeup, so the similarities that Laura and Celia exhibit are likely a reflection of their shared nature (genetics) rather than differences in nurturing environments.

Question 7

The difference between cross-sectional research methods and longitudinal research methods is that:
A)Longitudinal studies assess change in behavior over time,whereas cross-sectional studies assess differences among groups of people.
B)Cross-sectional studies are more time consuming compared to longitudinal studies.
C)Longitudinal research methods do not allow the comparison of more than two participants,while cross-sectional research methods allow for more comparisons.
D)Cross-sectional research is a combination of longitudinal research and sequential research.

Accepted Answer

The difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal research methods is that cross-sectional studies assess differences among groups of people at a single point in time, while longitudinal studies assess change in behavior over time within the same individual or group of individuals. Therefore, option A accurately describes the difference between these two types of research methods. Option B is incorrect because longitudinal studies often require more time and resources to conduct than cross-sectional studies. Option C is also incorrect because both longitudinal and cross-sectional research methods allow for comparisons among more than two participants. Option D is incorrect because cross-sectional research does not involve sequential research, which involves studying different groups of participants over time.

Question 8

_____ are rod-shaped structures that contain all basic hereditary information.
A)Spleens
B)Chromosomes
C)Serotonins
D)Norepinephrines

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information in the form of DNA. Spleens, serotonins, and norepinephrines are not directly involved in genetic information.

Question 9

Arrange the following genetic materials in increasing order of their size based on the way they occur naturally.
A)DNA,gene,and chromosome
B)DNA,chromosome,and gene
C)Gene,DNA,and chromosome
D)Gene,chromosome,and DNA

Accepted Answer

The answer of Arrange the following genetic materials in increasing...

Question 10

Cross-sectional research techniques provide information about age _____ in development between different age groups.Longitudinal research techniques provide information concerning _____ in behavior over time.
A)changes; age differences
B)changes; age changes
C)differences; age differences
D)differences; changes

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional research compares different age groups at a single point in time to identify differences, while longitudinal research follows the same group over time to observe changes in behavior.

Question 11

Max is a graduate student who wants to find a relation between identity formation and the influence of the environment.For this purpose,he interviews a group of 5-year-olds,a group of 10-year-olds,and a group of 15-year-olds,and asks them what they plan to be when they finish school.In this example,Mark is using a _____ research method.
A)longitudinal
B)cross-sectional
C)single case experimental
D)sequential

Accepted Answer

Max is using a cross-sectional research method as he is studying groups of different ages at the same point in time to observe the relationship between identity formation and the influence of the environment.

Question 12

Which of the following primarily studies the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life?
A)Oncology
B)Developmental psychology
C)Cytology
D)Parapsychology

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychology primarily studies the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life, including physical, cognitive, and social development. Oncology is the study and treatment of cancer, cytology is the study of cells, and parapsychology is the study of paranormal phenomena.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about longitudinal research?
A)It combines cross-sectional and sequential research.
B)It traces the behavior of one or more participants as the participants get older.
C)It assesses differences among groups of people at one point of time.
D)It is not as time consuming as cross-sectional research.

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal research follows the behavior of one or more participants over a period of time, typically as they age. It is not a combination of cross-sectional and sequential research, as those are two distinct methods. It also does not assess differences among groups of people at one point in time, as that would be cross-sectional research. Longitudinal research can be more time consuming than cross-sectional research, as it requires following participants over time.

Question 14

Which technique of developmental researchers requires a significant expenditure of time as the researcher waits for the participants to get older?
A)Longitudinal research
B)Cross-sectional research
C)Empirical research
D)Applied research

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal research involves studying the same participants over an extended period of time. This requires waiting for the participants to get older in order to measure developmental changes. Therefore, longitudinal research requires a significant expenditure of time.

Question 15

Which of the following describes a risk associated with cross-sectional research on IQ?
A)In a cross-sectional study that compares IQ scores,the difference in IQ scores of 25-year-olds and 45-year-olds is due to differences in educational attainment.
B)In a cross-sectional study that compares IQ scores,the difference in IQ scores of 25-year-olds and 45-year-olds is due to the 45-year-olds having taken the same test at several points in time.
C)In a cross-sectional study,the participants may move or die before the study has been completed.
D)In a cross-sectional study,the researchers incur significant expenditure of time as he or she waits for the participants to get older.

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional research can conflate age-related differences with generational or cohort effects, such as differences in educational attainment between age groups, rather than changes due to aging itself.

Question 16

Dr.Edward is testing the same individuals repeatedly over time as part of a research study,while Dr.Janice is comparing the performance of different people of various ages at the same time.Dr.Edward is using a _____ research method; Dr.Janice is using a _____ method.
A)cross-sectional; longitudinal
B)longitudinal; cross-sectional
C)sequential; simultaneous
D)sequential; cross-sectional

Accepted Answer

Dr.Edward is using a longitudinal research method because he is testing the same individuals repeatedly over time. Dr.Janice is using a cross-sectional research method because she is comparing the performance of different people of various ages at the same time. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Question 17

Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with longitudinal research?
A)It cannot deal with the problem of a cohort group.
B)It is time consuming.
C)It cannot assess change in behavior over time.
D)It cannot trace the behavior of more than two participants at a time.

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal research is time-consuming as it involves studying behaviors or events over an extended period. This can make it challenging to recruit and retain participants, maintain consistency, and avoid external influences that may affect the validity of the study.

Question 18

A normal fertilized egg,or zygote,contains _____ pairs of chromosomes.
A)46
B)21
C)23
D)2

Accepted Answer

A normal fertilized egg, or zygote, contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, or a total of 46 chromosomes.

Question 19

Maria is studying the effects of calcium on the development of children.So,she administers varying levels of calcium to two groups of children,one group consisting of children aged five and the other group consisting of children aged ten.She studies the growth rate of these two groups regularly over a period of one year.On the basis of the given evidence,it would be most accurate to say that Maria is using the _____ research.
A)cross-sectional
B)factorial
C)longitudinal
D)single case experimental

Accepted Answer

Maria is studying the growth rate of two groups of children over a period of one year. This indicates that she is using longitudinal research, which involves studying changes in a group over time. Cross-sectional research involves comparing different groups at one point in time, factorial research involves manipulating multiple independent variables, and single case experimental research involves studying individual cases in-depth.

Question 20

Which of the following statements correctly identifies an advantage or a disadvantage of developmental research methods?
A)Longitudinal studies indicate changes in behavior over time.
B)Sequential studies are quite inexpensive.
C)Cross-sectional studies consider a number of different age groups and examine them at several points in time.
D)Cross-sectional studies require a greater time investment.

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal studies track changes in behavior over time, allowing researchers to see how individuals develop and potentially identify important patterns or factors that contribute to development. This is an advantage of this research method.

Quiz 12: Development

One baby receives an X chromosome from its mother and an X chromosome from its father; it will develop as a _.A second baby receives an X chromosome from its mother and a Y chromosome from its father; it will develop as a _.

Which of the following is TRUE of cross-sectional research?

Dona is a graduate student investigating the development of fine motor skills.She selects a group of children and assesses their fine motor skills every six months over a two-year period.In this example,Dona is using a _____ research method.

Laura and Celia are identical twins.They were adopted at birth by different families and raised in different environments.However,there are a lot of behavioral similarities between them.In the context of developmental psychology,which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

The difference between cross-sectional research methods and longitudinal research methods is that:

_____ are rod-shaped structures that contain all basic hereditary information.

Arrange the following genetic materials in increasing order of their size based on the way they occur naturally.

Cross-sectional research techniques provide information about age _ in development between different age groups.Longitudinal research techniques provide information concerning _ in behavior over time.

Which of the following primarily studies the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life?

Which of the following is TRUE about longitudinal research?

Which technique of developmental researchers requires a significant expenditure of time as the researcher waits for the participants to get older?

Which of the following describes a risk associated with cross-sectional research on IQ?

Dr.Edward is testing the same individuals repeatedly over time as part of a research study,while Dr.Janice is comparing the performance of different people of various ages at the same time.Dr.Edward is using a _ research method; Dr.Janice is using a _ method.

Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with longitudinal research?

A normal fertilized egg,or zygote,contains _____ pairs of chromosomes.

Which of the following statements correctly identifies an advantage or a disadvantage of developmental research methods?