Question 1

Psychology is defined as the:
A)intuition-based approach to study human behavior.
B)speculative method to find answers about human cognition.
C)study of mental disorders and their treatment.
D)scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Accepted Answer

Psychology is a scientific study that combines empirical inquiry with critical thinking and systematic testing to understand behavior and mental processes. It emphasizes objectivity and uses various research methods to gather data and test hypotheses. Intuition and speculation are not accepted approaches in psychology, and while psychology can include the study of mental disorders and their treatment, this is not its sole focus.

Question 2

In what way are the diverse subfields of psychology related?
A)They allow psychologists to explain different types of behavior in the same way.
B)They ultimately share a common goal.
C)They always lead to an M.D.(Doctor of Medicine)degree.
D)They are not related at all other than being considered part of psychology.

Accepted Answer

Although the diverse subfields of psychology may study different aspects of behavior and mental processes, they share a common goal of understanding and explaining human behavior. They also often rely on similar research methods and theories, further connecting them as related subfields of psychology.

Question 3

Dr.Alvarez studies how the degeneration of certain components of nerve cells in the brain might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis.Dr.Alvarez's work BEST exemplifies the _____ subfield of psychology.
A)cognitive
B)experimental
C)developmental
D)behavioral neuroscience

Accepted Answer

Dr. Alvarez's focus on the neurobiological processes of nerve cells in the brain aligns with the subfield of behavioral neuroscience, which investigates how the brain and nervous system contribute to behavior and mental processes.

Question 4

Developmental psychology:
A)focuses primarily on educational,social,and career adjustment problems.
B)studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.
C)focuses on higher mental processes,including thinking,memory,reasoning,problem solving,judging,decision making,and language.
D)deals with the study,diagnosis,and treatment of psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychology specifically focuses on the study of how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death, including physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development. It does not primarily focus on educational, social, or career adjustment problems (A), higher mental processes (C), or diagnosing and treating psychological disorders (D).

Question 5

_____ psychology focuses on higher mental processes,including thinking,memory,reasoning,problem solving,judging,decision making,and language.
A)Developmental
B)Personality
C)Clinical
D)Cognitive

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology focuses on higher mental processes such as thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language. Developmental psychology focuses on the study of human growth and development across the lifespan, personality psychology focuses on personality traits and characteristics, and clinical psychology focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.

Question 6

Which of the following branches of psychology studies the processes of sensing,perceiving,learning,and thinking about the world?
A)Behavioral neuroscience
B)Developmental psychology
C)Experimental psychology
D)Health psychology

Accepted Answer

Experimental psychology focuses on studying the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world through experimental research methods. Behavioral neuroscience is concerned with understanding the biological bases of behavior, including the brain mechanisms underlying perception and cognition. Developmental psychology focuses on how individuals change and grow throughout their lifespan. Health psychology focuses on the psychological and behavioral factors that contribute to physical health and illness.

Question 7

Why is the term experimental psychologist considered somewhat misleading?
A)Psychologists in every subfield use the experimental method.
B)The term is no longer in existence.
C)Most psychological topics are not suited to experimental study.
D)Experimental methods are only appropriate to the study of the biological bases of behavior.

Accepted Answer

Psychologists in every subfield, not just experimental psychology, use the experimental method. Therefore, the term "experimental psychologist" is somewhat misleading as it implies that only psychologists in this subfield use experimental methods.

Question 8

Dr.Chen studies how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood.Dr.Doherty focuses on several traits that distinguish one person from another.Dr.Chen is a(n)_____ psychologist; Dr.Doherty is a _____.
A)experimental psychologist; cognitive psychologist
B)health psychologist; clinical psychologist
C)developmental psychologist; personality psychologist
D)clinical psychologist; counseling psychologist

Accepted Answer

Dr. Chen's focus on studying how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood falls under the category of developmental psychology, while Dr. Doherty's focus on traits that distinguish one person from another falls under the category of personality psychology.

Question 9

Which of the following subfields of psychology is CORRECTLY matched with a sample topic?
A)Behavioral neuroscience: the influence of chronic stress on physical health
B)Developmental psychology: the effectiveness of drug therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)Cognitive psychology: the influence of an event on people's thinking
D)Health psychology: the role that frustration plays in producing aggression

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology deals with understanding mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving, making the influence of an event on people's thinking a relevant topic.

Question 10

Dr.Ebrahim examines how children's friendships change through elementary and middle-school years.Dr.Ebrahim is a(n)_____ psychologist.
A)clinical
B)evolutionary
C)experimental
D)developmental

Accepted Answer

Dr. Ebrahim examines children's friendships as they progress through different stages, suggesting a focus on how social skills and relationships develop over time. Therefore, Dr. Ebrahim is a developmental psychologist who specializes in the study of human psychological development across the lifespan. Clinical psychology pertains to the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, evolutionary psychology deals with how the human brain evolved over time, and experimental psychology focuses on designing and conducting experiments to better understand psychological phenomena.

Question 11

How are cognitive and experimental psychology related?
A)They are the same.
B)They are two completely distinct subfields of psychology.
C)Cognitive psychology is part of experimental psychology.
D)Experimental psychology is part of cognitive psychology.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology is often considered a subfield of experimental psychology because cognitive processes can be studied using experimental methods. Cognitive psychology focuses primarily on mental processes, such as perception, memory, language, and thinking, while experimental psychology encompasses a variety of approaches to studying behavior and mental processes, including both experimental and non-experimental methods.

Question 12

Enterprise City has been hard hit by a recent economic downturn.Local psychologists are holding a public workshop to help the citizens cope with the adversity.Dr.Kurutz is outlining strategies to help adults who have been laid off avoid overeating and the use of drugs or alcohol.Dr.Kurutz is most likely a(n)_____ psychologist.
A)experimental
B)cross-cultural
C)social
D)health

Accepted Answer

Dr. Kurutz is focused on helping adults avoid unhealthy coping mechanisms in response to the economic downturn. This indicates that Dr. Kurutz is likely a health psychologist, who specializes in how biology, behavior, and social influences impact physical health and illness.

Question 13

In order to study mind and behavior,psychologists:
A)rely on the scientific method.
B)use their intuition.
C)rely on the study of internal medicine.
D)use speculation.

Accepted Answer

Psychologists rely on the scientific method, which involves using empirical evidence and a systematic approach to gather information and draw conclusions about the mind and behavior. Intuition and speculation may play a role in generating hypotheses, but they cannot serve as the sole basis for scientific inquiry. The study of internal medicine is also not directly relevant to the study of mind and behavior in psychology.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychology?
A)Obfuscation
B)Description
C)Prediction
D)Explanation

Accepted Answer

Obfuscation, which means intentionally making something confusing or unclear, is not a goal of psychology. The other options (description, prediction, and explanation) are all valid goals of psychology.

Question 15

At a conference on terrorism research,a panel of psychologists is discussing suicide bombers.Dr.Gerami outlines the role of charismatic leaders in encouraging the actions of suicide bombers.Dr.Hespeler argues that sometimes suicide bombing may be seen as a rational response to a particular system of beliefs.Finally,Dr.Islington reviews the internal traits associated with suicide bombing.Which of the following alternatives BEST identifies the subfields in which each of these psychologists probably specializes?
A)Dr.Gerami: personality psychology; Dr.Hespeler: cross-cultural psychology; Dr.Islington: social psychology
B)Dr.Gerami: social psychology; Dr.Hespeler: personality psychology; Dr.Islington: cross-cultural psychology
C)Dr.Gerami: social psychology; Dr.Hespeler: cross-cultural psychology; Dr.Islington: personality psychology
D)Dr.Gerami: cross-cultural psychology; Dr.Hespeler: experimental psychology; Dr.Islington: personality psychology

Accepted Answer

Dr. Gerami is discussing the role of charismatic leaders in encouraging the actions of suicide bombers, which pertains to social psychology. Therefore, Dr. Gerami probably specializes in social psychology.
Dr. Hespeler argues that sometimes suicide bombing may be seen as a rational response to a particular system of beliefs, which is related to cross-cultural psychology. Thus, Dr. Hespeler probably specializes in cross-cultural psychology.
Dr. Islington reviews the internal traits associated with suicide bombing, suggesting a focus on personality psychology. So, Dr. Islington probably specializes in personality psychology. Therefore, option C is the correct choice.

Question 16

A single-sentence definition of psychology may be misleading because:
A)it is very difficult to study the mind and behavior scientifically.
B)psychology is a narrower,more specific field than a general definition might suggest.
C)psychologists disagree on how broad psychology should really be.
D)the discipline of psychology really has no core or center.

Accepted Answer

Psychologists often have differing opinions on the scope and focus of psychology, which can make a single-sentence definition potentially misleading.

Question 17

Which of the following subfields of psychology is INCORRECTLY matched with its description?
A)Behavioral neuroscience: examines the relationship between the nervous system and behavior
B)Cognitive: examines how people grow and change from conception through death
C)Experimental: examines the processes of sensing,perceiving,learning,and thinking
D)Clinical: deals with the study,diagnosis,and treatment of psychological disorders

Accepted Answer

The description given for cognitive psychology is actually describing developmental psychology. Cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes such as thinking, perception, memory, and problem-solving.

Question 18

Akira has declared psychology as his major.He will be studying:
A)internal medicine.
B)behavior and mental processes.
C)mental disorders and their diagnosis and treatment.
D)the disorders of the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Therefore, Akira will be studying human behavior, thoughts, emotions, and the underlying psychological processes.

Question 19

Personality psychology:
A)focuses primarily on educational,social,and career adjustment problems.
B)focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another.
C)focuses on higher mental processes,including thinking,memory,reasoning,problem solving,judging,decision making,and language.
D)deals with the study,diagnosis,and treatment of psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

Personality psychology focuses on studying personality traits that differentiate one person from another and the consistency of behavior over time. It does not focus on educational, social, or career adjustment problems (option A), higher mental processes (option C), or the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders (option D).

Question 20

Which branch of psychology explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease?
A)Developmental psychology
B)Health psychology
C)Perceptual psychology
D)Clinical neuropsychology

Accepted Answer

Health psychology explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease. This may include stress, anxiety, depression, and other emotional states that can impact physical health. Health psychologists work to understand how these factors contribute to the development and maintenance of various illnesses, and they may develop interventions to help individuals manage their psychological and physical health.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Psychology

Psychology is defined as the:

In what way are the diverse subfields of psychology related?

Dr.Alvarez studies how the degeneration of certain components of nerve cells in the brain might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis.Dr.Alvarez's work BEST exemplifies the _____ subfield of psychology.

Developmental psychology:

_____ psychology focuses on higher mental processes,including thinking,memory,reasoning,problem solving,judging,decision making,and language.

Which of the following branches of psychology studies the processes of sensing,perceiving,learning,and thinking about the world?

Why is the term experimental psychologist considered somewhat misleading?

Dr.Chen studies how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood.Dr.Doherty focuses on several traits that distinguish one person from another.Dr.Chen is a(n) _ psychologist; Dr.Doherty is a _.

Which of the following subfields of psychology is CORRECTLY matched with a sample topic?

Dr.Ebrahim examines how children's friendships change through elementary and middle-school years.Dr.Ebrahim is a(n) _____ psychologist.

How are cognitive and experimental psychology related?

In order to study mind and behavior,psychologists:

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychology?

A single-sentence definition of psychology may be misleading because:

Which of the following subfields of psychology is INCORRECTLY matched with its description?

Akira has declared psychology as his major.He will be studying:

Personality psychology:

Which branch of psychology explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease?