Question 1

Infants are better at recognizing all the phonemes from all languages:

Accepted Answer

Infants are born with the ability to recognize all the phonemes of all languages, but this ability starts to decline around 6 months of age as they become more attuned to the sounds of their native language. Therefore, prior to six months is the best choice as they are at their peak in recognizing all phonemes.

Question 2

Noam Chomsky said that children are born into the world with a _____,a biological endowment that enables the child to detect certain features and rules of language,including phonology,syntax,and semantics.

Accepted Answer

Noam Chomsky popularized the concept of the "Language Acquisition Device" (LAD), which he argued was a hypothetical innate mechanism that allows children to rapidly learn and understand language. This device, according to Chomsky, is present from birth and provides children with the basic rules and structures of language that they then build upon through exposure to language in their environment.

Question 3

Kevin loves to say,"Da,da,da,da" over and over again.This is an example of what type of communication?

Accepted Answer

Babbling is the stage in which infants repeat syllables like "da, da, da" in a rhythmic way.

Question 4

According to your text,which of the following is MOST likely to be among the first words learned by a child?

Accepted Answer

"Car" is more likely to be among the first words learned by a child because it is a common object in a child's environment and can be easily pointed out and identified. "Run," "sad," and "angry" are more complex concepts and emotions that may take longer for a child to understand and express.

Question 5

Baby Luis is interacting with grandma and makes gurgling sounds in the back of his throat to express his pleasure.This demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

Cooing is a type of vocalization made by babies and young children that usually expresses pleasure or contentment. It is characterized by soft, murmuring sounds made in the back of the throat. Therefore, the best choice in this scenario is D - cooing.

Question 6

Kyoko is 13 months old and can understand about 50 words but can say only about 10 words.This demonstrates how Kyoko's _____ vocabulary is more developed than her _____ vocabulary.

Accepted Answer

Kyoko is able to understand 50 words, meaning her receptive vocabulary is more developed. On the other hand, she can only say 10 words, meaning her spoken vocabulary is less developed. Therefore, Kyoko's receptive vocabulary is more developed than her spoken vocabulary. The answer choice that reflects this relationship is C - receptive; spoken.

Question 7

"Want ice cream," "Fall down," and "Mommy give cookie" are all examples of:

Accepted Answer

These phrases are examples of telegraphic speech, which is a type of early language development where a child uses short and to-the-point phrases to convey their meaning. These phrases typically omit articles (such as "a" or "the") and often shorten words (such as "cookie" instead of "I want a cookie").

Question 8

Nouns are among the easiest words for children to learn because they are:

Accepted Answer

Nouns are usually things that can be seen or felt, making them perceptually accessible for children. Option A is incorrect because nouns can be abstract or concrete. Option C is incorrect because nouns do not necessarily rhyme. Option D is incorrect because many nouns start with consonants, not just vowels.

Question 9

A form of communication that is based on a system of symbols is called:

Accepted Answer

Language is a form of communication that is based on a system of symbols, which are words that represent concepts, ideas, and objects. Syntax is the arrangement of words in a sentence, grammar is the set of rules that govern the structure of language, and phonology is the study of the sounds of language. However, only language encompasses symbols as the basis for communication.

Question 10

Identify the correct sequence of vocalization in infants.

Accepted Answer

Infants first develop their crying vocalization, followed by cooing and then babbling. Therefore, the correct sequence is crying, cooing, and then babbling.

Question 11

A loss or impairment of language ability caused by brain injury is called:

Accepted Answer

Aphasia is the correct term used to describe a loss or impairment of language ability caused by brain injury. Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing, autism refers to a developmental disorder affecting social communication and interaction, and mutism is the inability to speak.

Question 12

_____ is an area in the left frontal lobe of the brain that is involved in speech production.

Accepted Answer

Broca's area is responsible for the production of speech movements. It is located in the left frontal lobe of the brain, specifically in the posterior part of the frontal gyrus, near the lateral sulcus. It is named after French neurologist Paul Broca, who first observed its importance in speech production.

Question 13

Recent research supports the notion that _____ are the easiest words to learn.

Accepted Answer

Recent research studies show that nouns are the easiest and most quickly learned words compared to verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. This is because nouns are concrete and represent tangible objects or people, while verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are more abstract and require a deeper understanding of grammar rules and context.

Question 14

A _____ is the basic unit of sound in a language.

Accepted Answer

A phoneme is the basic unit of sound in a language, whereas a morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, a grapheme is the smallest unit of written language, and syntax refers to the rules governing the structure of sentences.

Question 15

Mariah has suffered brain damage to the left frontal lobe of her brain.When she tries to speak,she struggles to produce words and is unable to say them correctly.Mariah has damage to:

Accepted Answer

Damage to Broca's area, located in the left frontal lobe of the brain, can result in difficulty with speech production and articulation, which aligns with Mariah's symptoms. Wernicke's area is responsible for language comprehension, SMA area is involved in motor planning and execution, and Morton's area is not a recognized area in the brain for language processing.

Question 16

_____ is an area in the left temporal lobe of the brain that is involved with the comprehension of speech.

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area, also known as the posterior language area, is responsible for the comprehension and interpretation of language. It is located in the left hemisphere of the brain, specifically in the posterior part of the temporal gyrus. Damage to this area can result in receptive aphasia, where individuals can produce language but have difficulty understanding it.

Question 17

According to Zamuner,Fais,and Werker,infants use _____ information to begin to segment the continuous stream of speech they encounter.

Accepted Answer

Zamuner, Fais, and Werker suggest that infants use statistical cues, such as the frequency and patterns of sounds and syllables, to break down the continuous stream of speech into individual words and phrases. This process is known as statistical learning and is an important skill for language acquisition. The other answer choices (B) componential, (C) spiritual, and (D) dialectical are not relevant to the process of speech segmentation in infants.

Question 18

As an infant,Mary suffered damage to _____ of the brain,causing her to have poor comprehension.Also,her speech is fluent,but incomprehensible.

Accepted Answer

Damage to Wernicke's area of the brain can cause poor comprehension and fluent, but incomprehensible speech. Broca's area is responsible for producing speech and damage to this area can cause difficulty in speaking, but not necessarily comprehension. SMA (supplementary motor area) is involved in planning and coordinating movements, not language comprehension. Morton's area is not a recognized brain region.

Question 19

Someone with a vocabulary of only 200 words can recombine the words in different ways to say thousands of different things.This aspect of language is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Infinite generativity refers to the ability to produce an infinite number of sentences from a finite set of words, which is what allows someone with a limited vocabulary to still be able to express a wide range of ideas by recombining their limited set of words in novel and creative ways. Syntax refers to the rules governing the structure of sentences, phonology refers to the study of speech sounds, and morphology refers to the study of the structure of words. While these are all important aspects of language, none of them capture the specific phenomenon of infinite generativity.

Question 20

The rapid increase in an infant's vocabulary starting at about 18 months of age is called:

Accepted Answer

The rapid increase in an infant's vocabulary starting at about 18 months of age is called the vocabulary spurt. This period is characterized by a dramatic increase in the number of words a child learns and begins to use in their daily language. The other options do not accurately describe this phenomenon.

Quiz 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy