Question 1

When consumed with certain plant foods,vitamin C enhances the absorption of
A)calcium.
B)iron.
C)riboflavin.
D)niacin.

Accepted Answer

When consumed with certain plant foods, such as leafy greens and legumes, vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron.

Question 2

Becky's 2-year old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida.To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders,Becky should
A)eat at least 3 ounces of fatty fish three times a week,take vitamin A and D supplements and drink more fat-free milk during the first three months of pregnancy.
B)take pantothenic acid,B-6,and B-12 supplements before getting pregnant.
C)consume green leafy vegetables,drink orange juice,and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant.
D)take iron,zinc,and magnesium supplements during the first month of pregnancy,then eat more whole-grain breads and cereals for the remaining months of pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

Consuming green leafy vegetables, drinking orange juice, and taking a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant is the best choice for Becky. Folic acid has been shown to reduce the risk of spina bifida and related disorders in newborns. It is recommended that women of childbearing age consume 400-800 micrograms of folic acid daily, and this should be increased to 600-800 micrograms during pregnancy. It is also important to note that taking excessive amounts of vitamin A and D supplements during pregnancy can actually increase the risk of birth defects, so option A is not the best choice. Options B and D do not specifically address the risk of spina bifida and related disorders.

Question 3

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of
A)thiamin.
B)folate.
C)vitamin B-12.
D)iron.

Accepted Answer

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are both rich sources of folate. Thiamin is commonly found in whole grains, pork, and nuts. Vitamin B-12 is primarily found in animal products such as meat, dairy, and eggs. Iron is abundant in red meat, beans, and fortified grains.

Question 4

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C?
A)Chicken
B)Eggs
C)Papaya
D)Whole-wheat bread

Accepted Answer

Papaya is a rich source of vitamin C. Chicken, eggs, and whole-wheat bread are not significant sources of vitamin C.

Question 5

Vitamin C
A)dissolves in the fatty portions of foods.
B)is needed to form strong collagen.
C)acts as a coenzyme in certain reactions that release energy from glucose.
D)can cure night blindness.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C is needed to form strong collagen, which is a vital component of connective tissue in the body. It is not known to dissolve in the fatty portions of foods, act as a coenzyme in certain reactions that release energy from glucose or cure night blindness.

Question 6

Edna is 70 years of age.She is very healthy,and the only medication she takes is a prescription drug that reduces her stomach's acid production.Her diet includes a variety of foods from all food groups.Based on this information,Edna is at risk of developing
A)beriberi.
B)pernicious anemia.
C)cystic fibrosis.
D)neural tube defects.

Accepted Answer

Edna is at risk of developing pernicious anemia because as people age, they may have reduced stomach acid production, which can affect the absorption of vitamin B12, leading to this type of anemia. Her medication that reduces stomach acid production could further exacerbate this risk.

Question 7

Your best friend eats plenty of meats and dairy products but avoids eating fruits and vegetables.She bruises easily,her sores take a long time to heal,and her gums bleed when she brushes her teeth.Based on this information,which of the following vitamins is most likely to be deficient in her diet?
A)Pantothenic acid
B)Vitamin B-6
C)Vitamin B-12
D)Vitamin C

Accepted Answer

The symptoms mentioned in the scenario - easy bruising, slow healing sores, and bleeding gums - are all common signs of vitamin C deficiency. While the friend's diet may also lack other essential vitamins, it is likely that vitamin C deficiency is the most significant based on these symptoms.

Question 8

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?
A)Raw carrots
B)Walnuts
C)Lean meats
D)Whole-wheat bread

Accepted Answer

Lean meats such as beef, chicken, and fish are good sources of vitamin B-12. However, plant-based foods such as raw carrots, walnuts, and whole-wheat bread are not good sources of vitamin B-12.

Question 9

Which vitamin is needed to make coenzyme A?
A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin B-6
C)Biotin
D)Pantothenic acid

Accepted Answer

Pantothenic acid is required to make coenzyme A which plays a vital role in metabolism by transferring acetyl groups. Vitamin A is important for vision, Vitamin B-6 is needed for amino acid metabolism, and biotin is essential for fatty acid synthesis, but none of these vitamins are directly involved in the synthesis of coenzyme A.

Question 10

The body needs folate to produce a coenzyme that
A)transmits nervous impulses.
B)protects fatty acids from oxidation.
C)metabolizes vitamin
D)helps form DNA.

Accepted Answer

Folate is needed to make the coenzyme called tetrahydrofolate (THF), which is important for the synthesis of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Without folate, the body can't produce enough THF, which can lead to impaired DNA synthesis and cell division, and ultimately to megaloblastic anemia or birth defects. Folate also plays a role in methylation reactions, which regulate gene expression, detoxification, and neurotransmitter synthesis.

Question 11

Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate _____ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects.
A)vitamin A
B)folate
C)iron
D)selenium

Accepted Answer

Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate folate intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects. Folate is crucial for proper fetal development and helps prevent birth defects. It is recommended that women of childbearing age take a daily supplement of 400-800 mcg of folic acid to ensure adequate intake before and during pregnancy.

Question 12

As a result of an inherited metabolic defect,Christopher's cells have difficulty converting homocysteine to
A)cysteine.
B)tryptophan.
C)folate.
D)vitamin B-6.

Accepted Answer

The conversion of homocysteine to cysteine requires a specific metabolic pathway that is impaired in individuals with certain inherited metabolic defects. This can lead to elevated levels of homocysteine, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and other health complications.

Question 13

Erika takes megadoses of vitamin B-6 because she thinks it benefits her health.After learning about this vitamin in your nutrition class,which of the following statements about vitamin B-6 would be the most accurate information to tell her?
A)Megadoses of vitamin B-6 can result in calcification of soft tissues.
B)Ingesting large doses of vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage.
C)Vitamin B-6 is the least toxic of the B vitamins.
D)Women who take megadoses of vitamin B-6 are healthier than those who do not take such high doses the vitamin.

Accepted Answer

Ingesting large doses of vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage. While vitamin B-6 is important for overall health, taking excessive amounts can be harmful. Megadoses of this vitamin can result in nerve damage, numbness, or tingling in the limbs. It is best to follow the recommended daily intake for vitamin B-6 to avoid any negative effects.

Question 14

Ronald has an inherited metabolic defect in which his cells have difficulty processing homocysteine to methionine.His physician may recommend vitamin _____ supplements to help Ronald's body metabolize homocysteine.
A)C
B)D
C)B-6
D)A

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B-6 supplements can help Ronald's body metabolize homocysteine. Vitamin C and D are not directly involved in the homocysteine to methionine conversion process. While Vitamin A is involved in the process, high levels of it can lead to toxicity, so Vitamin B-6 is a safer and more effective choice.

Question 15

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?
A)Peanuts
B)Apples
C)Whole-wheat bread
D)Eggs

Accepted Answer

Eggs are a good source of vitamin B-12, which is important for red blood cell formation and proper nerve function. Peanuts, apples, and whole-wheat bread do not contain significant amounts of vitamin B-12.

Question 16

Dorothy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemia.What treatment would her doctor recommend?
A)Vitamin C supplements
B)Iron supplements
C)Vitamin B-12 injections
D)A vegan diet

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B-12, which is essential for the production of healthy red blood cells. Vitamin B-12 cannot be absorbed through the stomach due to a lack of intrinsic factor, which is a substance secreted by the stomach lining. Therefore, vitamin B-12 injections are the most effective treatment for this condition. Vitamin C supplements may be helpful for general health, but they are not a treatment for pernicious anemia. Iron supplements are not effective for pernicious anemia because iron is not the nutrient that is deficient. A vegan diet may be beneficial for many health reasons, but it can be more difficult to obtain sufficient vitamin B-12 on a vegan diet, and may not be the best recommendation for someone with pernicious anemia.

Question 17

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?
A)Grapefruit juice
B)Whole-wheat crackers
C)Fat-free milk
D)Broccoli

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B-12 is primarily found in animal products such as meat, fish, and dairy. Fat-free milk is a good source of vitamin B-12. None of the other options on the list are significant sources of vitamin B-12.

Question 18

Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome.A few months ago,he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6,when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder.Today,Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady.Based on this information,Sean should
A)continue taking the megadoses of vitamin B-6,because his body needs more time to heal.
B)discontinue taking vitamin B-6,because his body does not require the micronutrient.
C)increase his vitamin B-6 intake,because the numbness and unsteadiness are signs that the treatment is working.
D)stop taking vitamin B-6,because he is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity.

Accepted Answer

Sean is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity, which can occur with megadoses of the vitamin. Continuing to take the megadoses could lead to further health problems, so he should stop taking vitamin B-6 and seek medical attention.

Question 19

_____ results from lack of intrinsic factor.
A)Pellagra
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Osteomalacia
D)Pernicious anemia

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia is a condition in which the body cannot absorb enough vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein produced in the stomach that is necessary for vitamin B12 absorption. Without enough vitamin B12, the body cannot produce enough healthy red blood cells, leading to anemia. Pellagra is a condition caused by a deficiency in niacin (vitamin B3), cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and digestive system, and osteomalacia is a condition caused by a deficiency in vitamin D. None of these conditions are related to intrinsic factor deficiency.

Question 20

Kevin is a body builder who takes a variety of vitamin supplements.He often has diarrhea,and last week he was diagnosed with a kidney stone.Based on this information,which of his supplements is most likely contributing to his current health problems?
A)Biotin
B)Vitamin C
C)Thiamin
D)Vitamin B-6

Accepted Answer

High doses of vitamin C can cause diarrhea and increase the risk of kidney stones. Biotin, thiamin, and vitamin B-6 are not typically associated with these health problems.

Quiz 8: Vitamins

When consumed with certain plant foods,vitamin C enhances the absorption of

Becky's 2-year old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida.To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders,Becky should

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C?

Vitamin C

Edna is 70 years of age.She is very healthy,and the only medication she takes is a prescription drug that reduces her stomach's acid production.Her diet includes a variety of foods from all food groups.Based on this information,Edna is at risk of developing

Your best friend eats plenty of meats and dairy products but avoids eating fruits and vegetables.She bruises easily,her sores take a long time to heal,and her gums bleed when she brushes her teeth.Based on this information,which of the following vitamins is most likely to be deficient in her diet?

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

Which vitamin is needed to make coenzyme A?

The body needs folate to produce a coenzyme that

Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate _____ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects.

As a result of an inherited metabolic defect,Christopher's cells have difficulty converting homocysteine to

Erika takes megadoses of vitamin B-6 because she thinks it benefits her health.After learning about this vitamin in your nutrition class,which of the following statements about vitamin B-6 would be the most accurate information to tell her?

Ronald has an inherited metabolic defect in which his cells have difficulty processing homocysteine to methionine.His physician may recommend vitamin _____ supplements to help Ronald's body metabolize homocysteine.

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

Dorothy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemia.What treatment would her doctor recommend?

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome.A few months ago,he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6,when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder.Today,Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady.Based on this information,Sean should

_____ results from lack of intrinsic factor.

Kevin is a body builder who takes a variety of vitamin supplements.He often has diarrhea,and last week he was diagnosed with a kidney stone.Based on this information,which of his supplements is most likely contributing to his current health problems?