Question 1

The self-transcendence part of Schwartz's model is composed of

Accepted Answer

According to Schwartz's model, the self-transcendence part is composed of universalism and benevolence values, which involve concern for the welfare of others and the promotion of universal ideals. Therefore, choice D is the best answer, as it includes these two values.

Question 2

Tony believes that cell phone use-even in restaurants-helps people manage their busy lives.Tony's belief reflects the __________ component of his attitude.

Accepted Answer

Tony's belief about cell phone use helping people manage their busy lives is a cognitive component of his attitude, as it reflects his thoughts and beliefs about the benefits of cell phone use. The affective component would involve his emotions or feelings towards cell phone use, while the behavioral component would involve his actions towards using cell phones in restaurants. The objective and normative components are not relevant in this scenario.

Question 3

___________ are the key links between ___________ in Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior.

Accepted Answer

In Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior, intentions are seen as the key link between attitudes and planned behavior. Attitudes towards a behavior influence the formation of intentions, which in turn guide behavior. Norms (social pressure) also impact intentions and subsequently predict behavior. Perceived behaviors are not a concept in this theory.

Question 4

Carla will graduate from her business program next month.She is happiest in jobs where she doesn't know what will be waiting for her when she gets to work,and she excels at problem solving.Carla needs a career that involves

Accepted Answer

Carla enjoys a challenge and problem solving, indicating a need for stimulation in her career.

Question 5

Values represent beliefs that influence behaviors _____________; attitudes relate to behavior __________.

Accepted Answer

Values are broad and enduring beliefs about what is good and bad, right and wrong, and important and unimportant in life. They tend to influence behaviors across all situations. Attitudes, on the other hand, are evaluations or judgments about specific targets, such as people, objects, or ideas, and tend to be related to behavior toward those specific targets.

Question 6

Horatio loves extreme sports and works as white-water rafting instructor.This reflects the values in the ____________ dimension of Schwartz's model.

Accepted Answer

Openness to change reflects values that emphasize independent action, thought, and feeling, as well as a readiness for new experiences, which aligns with Horatio's love for extreme sports and his profession as a white-water rafting instructor.

Question 7

______ is defined by restraint of actions,inclinations,and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms.

Accepted Answer

The term that is specifically defined as restraining oneself from actions or inclinations that can harm others or violate social expectations or norms is conformity.

Question 8

Dawn is at the playground with her four-year-old daughter.The father of another child is yelling and cursing at him.Dawn decides to tell the father to stop the verbal abuse or leave the playground,or she will call the authorities.Dawn's behavior reflects the _______ component of her attitude.

Accepted Answer

Dawn's behavior of confronting the father and threatening to call the authorities reflects the behavioral component of her attitude, as she is taking action based on her beliefs and feelings about the situation.

Question 9

The components of attitudes include

Accepted Answer

The components of attitudes are generally considered to be affective (emotional), cognitive (beliefs and thoughts), and behavioral (intentions and actions). Values may be a part of the cognitive component, but emotions and beliefs are the more direct components. Personal and workplace, perceived and real, and public and personal are not components of attitudes.

Question 10

As a senior student representative on the ethics advisory board of your university,you feel strongly that cheating on college exams is unethical.You never cheated on any exam.However,this semester your best friend was desperate for your help,and you allowed him to take a quick "peek" at your answer sheet.Since then,you feel uncomfortable every time you think of the situation.Which of the following concepts best explains your psychological discomfort?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort or psychological stress a person experiences when holding two or more contradictory beliefs or values. In this scenario, the individual knows that cheating is unethical but allowed their friend to cheat, creating a conflict between their beliefs and actions. This results in cognitive dissonance and the discomfort they feel whenever they think about the incident.

Question 11

The head of ABC Company announces that the company is going to start a weekend project teaching self-defense techniques to underprivileged kids in the neighborhood.Thomas decides to register for the project,as he is a trained kickboxer.This action of Thomas reflects the __________ component of his attitude.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral component of attitude refers to the actions or behavior one exhibits towards the object of the attitude. In this case, Thomas's decision to register for the self-defense project reflects his behavioral component as he is taking action towards the project by registering for it. The affective component refers to emotions or feelings one has towards the object, the cognitive component refers to beliefs or thoughts one holds about the object, the normative component refers to societal expectations or norms related to the object, and the intellectual component refers to knowledge or understanding about the object.

Question 12

Tanya believes that people should be kind to each other.She notices that Ellie is picking on a new employee,Michele.Tanya asks Ellie to stop bullying Michele,but Ellie's behavior doesn't change.Tanya confronts Ellie and a heated argument ensues,after which Tanya suggests that Ellie transfer to another department.In this case,Tanya's ________ are different from her values.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tanya believes that people should be kind...

Question 13

Jane hates the idea of child labor.She works for a company that claims that it doesn't employ children.However,news reports accuse the company of employing young children overseas.______ is the psychological discomfort that Jane is experiencing since she heard this news.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort individuals feel when they encounter information that conflicts with their beliefs or values. In this case, Jane believes that her company doesn't employ children, but news reports suggest otherwise, causing cognitive dissonance. Emotional labor refers to the effort required to manage one's emotions in a given situation, behavioral intention refers to the likelihood of an individual performing a certain behavior, emotional dissonance refers to inconsistencies in emotions felt versus displayed, and intelligence disunity is not a recognized psychological concept.

Question 14

_________ are both elements of hedonism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________ are both elements of hedonism.
...

Question 15

Sally doesn't complain to a man smoking in the nonsmoking section of a restaurant because it doesn't bother her.This lack of irritation reflects the ______ component of her attitude.She is neutral toward people smoking in restaurants.

Accepted Answer

The affective component of attitude refers to the emotional response or feelings associated with a certain object, person, or situation. Sally's lack of irritation towards smoking in the nonsmoking section shows she has a neutral emotional response or no emotional response towards it.

Question 16

The two basic dimensions of Schwartz's model of values are

Accepted Answer

Schwartz's model of values posits two basic dimensions: self-enhancement/self-transcendence and openness to change/conservation. The first dimension concerns the extent to which individuals prioritize their own interests and achievements versus concern for others and the wider community. The second dimension concerns the extent to which individuals prioritize novelty, change, and exploration versus tradition, stability, and preservation of the status quo.

Question 17

Samuel values his tradition and conformity.Not surprisingly,family time is very important to him.His employer,Stillman & Sons,expects him to work on holidays.Stillman & Sons and Samuel do not share the values of

Accepted Answer

Conservation values emphasize the importance of tradition and conformity, which align with Samuel's values but not with those of his employer, who expects work on holidays, indicating a lack of shared conservation values.

Question 18

The president of American Systems announces that all employees will be going on a trip to San Francisco.Some employees like the idea and some don't.According to the _________ component of attitudes,these evaluations reflect the feelings of the employees.

Accepted Answer

The affective component of attitudes reflects the feelings or emotions someone has towards something, such as liking or disliking a trip to San Francisco. The behavioral component refers to how someone intends to act towards something, the cognitive component refers to the beliefs or thoughts someone holds about something, the normative component refers to the social pressure or expectations someone experiences towards something, and the intellectual component refers to the knowledge or understanding someone has about something.

Question 19

Chris,a manager,knows that one of his employees values achievement and power.Chris should assign the employee to a job that includes

Accepted Answer

An employee who values achievement and power is likely to be motivated by opportunities that allow them to have a significant impact and influence over others. Assigning them to a job with high influence over others aligns with their values and is likely to be motivating for them.

Question 20

_________ is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions.

Accepted Answer

The term described in the question is cognitive dissonance. It refers to the mental stress and discomfort a person experiences when their beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors are inconsistent with each other. This psychological discomfort can motivate people to change their attitudes or behaviors to reduce the dissonance and achieve consistency.

Quiz 2: Values and Attitudes