A Contractual Vertical Marketing System Refers to

A contractual vertical marketing system refers to

A) when privately owned distributors and retailers integrate their efforts, on a contractual basis, to obtain greater functional economies and marketing impact than they could achieve alone.
B) the integration of independent production and distribution firms, on a contractual basis, so their efforts to obtain greater functional economies and marketing impact are greater than they could achieve alone.
C) when a manufacturer offers a limited number of franchise licenses to guarantee the numbers of company competitors within a given geographical region.
D) an arrangement whereby a firm reaches different buyers by employing two or more different types of channels for the same basic product.
E) the formal contractual designation of one channel member whether producer, wholesaler, or retailer, to coordinate, direct, and support all other members.