Question 1

Dr.Kieu wants to investigate whether children who eat a lot of processed sugar find it more difficult to sit still and concentrate in school than children who don't.She randomly divides all the children in the Edward L.Thorndike Elementary School into two groups.Group one is given a breakfast of Chocolate Frosted Sugar Bombs cereal and chocolate milk,and a midday snack of Jolt Cola and Crunchy Sugar Granola Chews.Group two is given an identical breakfast and snack,but their food contains artificial sweeteners instead of processed sugar.Dr.Kieu records the behavior of each group of children on these diets for one month,and compares them statistically.In this experiment,Dr.Kieu's independent variable is

Accepted Answer

The independent variable in this experiment is the type of sweetener used in the children's breakfasts and snacks. It is the variable that is being manipulated by the researcher (Dr. Kieu). The two groups of children are being assigned to receive different types of sweeteners (processed sugar vs. artificial sweeteners) and their behavior is being observed as the dependent variable. Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 2

Dr.Stephenson wants to investigate whether children who eat a lot of processed sugar find it more difficult to sit still and concentrate in school than children who don't.She randomly divides all the children in the Edward L.Thorndike Elementary School into two groups.Group one is given a breakfast of Chocolate Frosted Sugar Bombs cereal and chocolate milk,and a midday snack of Jolt Cola and Crunchy Sugar Granola Chews.Group two is given an identical breakfast and snack,but their food contains artificial sweeteners instead of processed sugar.Dr.Kieu records the behavior of each group of children on these diets for one month,and compares them statistically.In this experiment,Dr.Stephenson's experimental group is

Accepted Answer

The experimental group in an experiment is the group that receives the treatment or condition being tested. In this case, the children in group one, who are given food with processed sugar, are the experimental group because they receive the specific condition (processed sugar) that Dr. Stephenson is investigating.

Question 3

The major advantage of the experimental method is that it

Accepted Answer

The experimental method allows researchers to manipulate one variable while keeping all other variables constant, thus making it possible to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables.

Question 4

Il-Sung measures his clients' heights,weights,and body-mass indices with great care.He uses this information to determine their IQ scores.Based on this information,we can conclude that Il-Sung's intelligence testing method is

Accepted Answer

The answer of Il-Sung measures his clients' heights,weights,and body-mass indices...

Question 5

Sales of both bathing suits and ice cream tend to rise in the warmer months of the year and fall in the colder months.This means that bathing suit sales are

Accepted Answer

Bathing suit sales and ice cream sales tend to rise and fall together in warmer and cooler months, which indicates a positive correlation between the two.

Question 6

When a researcher conducts an experiment,she manipulates the _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the variable that the researcher manipulates or changes in an experiment. It is the variable that is hypothesized to cause a change in the dependent variable, which is why it is also sometimes called the "cause" variable.

Question 7

When a researcher conducts an experiment,she observes the _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the variable that is being observed or measured in the experiment. It is the variable that is expected to change as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable. The independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated or changed in the experiment. Confounding variables are variables that were not accounted for in the experiment and may have influenced the results. Random variables refer to chance events that may have occurred during the experiment.

Question 8

In a study of school districts in the United States,researchers found that the amount of money that the districts spent on their schools had an extremely high positive correlation with the amount of money they spent on consumable alcohol (such as wine or liquor).This must mean that

Accepted Answer

The study found a high positive correlation between the amount of money spent on schools and consumable alcohol, indicating that there is some kind of relationship between the two. However, the study cannot prove that one causes the other, as both variables may be influenced by other factors. Therefore, choices A and B are not supported by the evidence, and choice D is not a valid conclusion without more information about the data collection method.

Question 9

The number of psychology classes Kalala misses is negatively correlated with her grades in psychology.This means that

Accepted Answer

A negative correlation between the number of classes missed and grades means that as one variable increases (missing more classes), the other variable (grades) decreases. Therefore, missing more classes is associated with worse performance, but this does not imply causation.

Question 10

A major advantage of the case study method is that it permits

Accepted Answer

The answer of A major advantage of the case study...

Question 11

What is the major advantage of using a correlational research design?

Accepted Answer

Correlational research design allows us to discover relationships between specific variables. It does not establish cause-and-effect relationships, but it is useful in identifying patterns and associations between variables. It is particularly helpful in instances where experimental manipulation is unethical or impractical.

Question 12

Evgenia wants to know whether eating a diet high in protein will increase children's cognitive abilities.The best research method for her to choose will be

Accepted Answer

To determine causation between eating a diet high in protein and increased cognitive abilities in children, an experimental study is the most appropriate research method. This would involve randomly assigning children to either a high protein diet or a control diet and then measuring their cognitive abilities over time. This would allow for strict control of variables and the ability to draw cause-effect conclusions.

Question 13

Which of the following methods will not result in random assignment?

Accepted Answer

Asking for volunteers does not result in random assignment as individuals self-select into different groups.

Question 14

Kurt is an automobile mechanic.Whenever a client asks him to fix their car,he always makes the problem worse.We might say that Kurt is _____ mechanic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kurt is an automobile mechanic.Whenever a client...

Question 15

Professor Nikodemos has found a high positive correlation between the number of his psychology lectures that students attend during the semester and their grades in psychology.This means that attending more of Nikodemos's classes

Accepted Answer

A high positive correlation between the number of psychology lectures attended and grades in psychology indicates a predictive relationship rather than a causal one. Attending more of Nikodemos's classes is therefore predictive of better grades in psychology, but it does not necessarily cause better grades in psychology.

Question 16

Sigmund Freud based most of his theoretical work on intensive studies of a very limited number of people.The method he used was

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud's method of studying a limited number of individuals in-depth is known as a case study. Freud believed that by studying the intricate details of individual cases, he could gain insight into universal psychological processes.

Question 17

Dr.Pena wants to investigate whether children who eat a lot of processed sugar find it more difficult to sit still and concentrate in school than children who don't.She randomly divides all the children in the Edward L.Thorndike Elementary School into two groups.Group one is given a breakfast of Chocolate Frosted Sugar Bombs cereal and chocolate milk,and a midday snack of Jolt Cola and Crunchy Sugar Granola Chews.Group two is given an identical breakfast and snack,but their food contains artificial sweeteners instead of processed sugar.Dr.Kieu records the behavior of each group of children on these diets for one month,and compares them statistically.In this experiment,Dr.Pena's control group variable is

Accepted Answer

The control group in an experiment is the group that does not receive the experimental treatment. In this case, group two, which receives artificial sweeteners instead of processed sugar, serves as the control group.

Question 18

Professor Dorinda is a behavioral geneticist.This means that she studies

Accepted Answer

Behavioral geneticists study the inherited bases of behavior, focusing on how genetics influence behavior.

Question 19

When choosing whether to put a research participant into a treatment group or a control group,researchers should use

Accepted Answer

Random assignment ensures that participants are assigned to treatment and control groups without any bias, increasing the likelihood of obtaining accurate and unbiased results. First-in, first-out and first-in, last-out assignment may lead to selection bias, while convenience assignment may result in non-representative samples.

Question 20

Kristina is an automobile mechanic.Whenever clients ask her to fix their car,she always completes the job on time,perfectly,and at a fair price.We might say that Kristina is _____ mechanic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kristina is an automobile mechanic.Whenever clients ask...

Quiz 1: The Study of Child Development