Question 1

_____________ is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment.

Accepted Answer

Perception is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment, including using past experiences and knowledge to make sense of new information. Self-awareness, self-management, self-monitoring, and openness to experience are all related to a person's understanding and management of their own thoughts, emotions, and behavior.

Question 2

Ted was hiring a new financial analyst,and he had several good candidates.He was leaning toward hiring Akiko,a Japanese American woman,because he thinks Asians are better at math.Ted is exhibiting which distortion in perception?

Accepted Answer

Ted is stereotyping by assuming that all Asians are better at math, which is an overgeneralization and a distortion in perception.

Question 3

The statement "I really don't like that Ivan got so angry in that meeting" reflects the ______ component of an attitude.

Accepted Answer

The statement reflects an emotional response to Ivan's behavior, indicating the affective component of an attitude. The cognitive component would involve beliefs or thoughts about Ivan's behavior, while the behavioral component would involve actual behaviors towards Ivan based on his behavior in the meeting. The factual and value components are not directly relevant to the statement.

Question 4

________ is the tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs.

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping is the tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs.

Question 5

________________ is the extent to which employees have positive or negative feelings about various aspects of their work.

Accepted Answer

Job satisfaction refers to the level of contentment an individual has with their job, including their feelings about various aspects such as pay, benefits, co-workers, and work tasks. Job involvement, organizational commitment, job performance, and job enrichment are all related concepts but do not directly address an employee's positive or negative feelings about their work.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a step in the perceptual process?

Accepted Answer

Causal attribution is not a step in the perceptual process. The perceptual process typically includes selective attention, interpretation and evaluation, retrieving from memory, and storing in memory. Causal attribution refers to the process of identifying the causes of events or behaviors and is separate from the perceptual process.

Question 7

Under which of the following circumstances would the desire to reduce cognitive dissonance be greatest?

Accepted Answer

The desire to reduce cognitive dissonance is greatest when there is a high level of importance or significance placed on the decision or situation. Large amounts of money being on the line would definitely increase the importance and significance of the situation, therefore increasing the desire to reduce cognitive dissonance.

Question 8

A server expects a group of poorly dressed customers to be stingy tippers and gives them poor service,so he gets the result that he expects,a very small tip.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy, where the server's expectations lead to their behavior, which in turn leads to the expected outcome. The other options do not fit this scenario as well - the halo effect refers to a generalization based on one trait, selective perception error is when we only notice information that confirms our preconceptions, fundamental attribution bias relates to judging others' behavior as being caused by their personality rather than external factors, and self-serving bias is when we attribute positive outcomes to our own abilities and negative outcomes to external factors.

Question 9

____ is the tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to the situation the person is in.

Accepted Answer

The tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to the situation the person is in is known as fundamental attribution bias. The halo effect is the tendency to let initial positive impressions of a person influence our overall opinion of them. Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute our own successes to personal characteristics and our failures to situational factors. Selective perception is the tendency to only perceive and pay attention to information that aligns with our preexisting beliefs or attitudes. Stereotyping is the act of categorizing individuals based on a group they belong to and assuming they possess certain characteristics associated with that group.

Question 10

According to Festinger,how people deal with cognitive dissonance depends on three factors.Which are the correct three factors?

Accepted Answer

How people deal with the discomfort of cognitive dissonance depends on three factors: importance, control, and rewards.

Question 11

The ______ component of an attitude consists of the beliefs and knowledge one has about a situation.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive component of an attitude is related to the beliefs and knowledge one has about a situation. It involves the individual's thought process and the information they have gathered about a particular attitude object.

Question 12

Because she beat her goal this year by nearly 30 percent,Lori has been telling everyone in the sales department of her incredible skill as a salesperson.But last year when she didn't even reach her goal,she said her failure was due to the poor economy.Lori provides an example of

Accepted Answer

Lori's behavior demonstrates self-serving bias, as she takes credit for exceeding her goals but blames external factors for falling short in the previous year. This bias involves individuals attributing their successes to internal factors (such as their abilities) and their failures to external factors (such as luck or circumstance).

Question 13

The statement "Drew is slow to return phone calls" reflects the ______ component of an attitude.

Accepted Answer

The statement reflects the cognitive component of an attitude, which involves beliefs or thoughts about a person or situation.

Question 14

Which of the following is a distortion in perception?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a distortion...

Question 15

The statement "I won't give Roberto such a tight deadline again" reflects the ______ component of an attitude.

Accepted Answer

The statement reflects the behavioral or intentional component of an attitude, as it involves a decision about future actions and intentions towards a specific person (Roberto) based on prior experiences with him. The affective component refers to emotions and feelings associated with the attitude, the cognitive component refers to beliefs and thoughts about the attitude object, and the decisional component refers to the intention or disposition to act towards the attitude object. The factual component is not a recognized component of attitudes.

Question 16

The three components of ______ are affective,cognitive,and behavioral.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes consist of three components- affective, cognitive, and behavioral. Affective component is the emotional component, cognitive component is the belief component, and the behavioral component is the intention to behave in a certain way towards the attitude object.

Question 17

______ occurs when we form an impression of an individual based on a single trait.

Accepted Answer

The halo effect occurs when we form an impression of an individual based on a single trait. This can happen when we see someone who is physically attractive and assume they must also be intelligent or kind, for example. It can also happen in the opposite direction, such as when someone is perceived as rude and therefore assumed to be generally unpleasant.

Question 18

Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors,they will seek to reduce

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort experienced by individuals when they hold two or more conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes, or when their behavior does not align with their beliefs. The unease from this inconsistency motivates individuals to reduce it by changing their beliefs or behavior.

Question 19

______ is the tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information.

Accepted Answer

The recency effect refers to the tendency to remember more recent information better than earlier information. This effect can occur in various types of memory, including short-term and long-term memory.

Question 20

Which of the following is not one of the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Completing an emotional intelligence assessment is not one of the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance. The main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance include changing attitudes, behavior, finding consonant elements that outweigh dissonant ones, and belittling the importance of the inconsistent behavior.

Quiz 11: Managing Individual Differences and Behavior: Supervising People As People