Question 1

_____ is the main source of energy in your body.

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body's cells. It is a simple sugar that is derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates in the diet and is transported throughout the body via the bloodstream, providing fuel for cells to carry out their functions. Leptin, insulin, and cholecystokinin are hormones that play important roles in regulating metabolism and appetite, but they are not sources of energy themselves.

Question 2

Well-established learning principles, such as the different types of reinforcement, are closely associated with _____ theories of motivation.

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement is a key concept in incentive theories of motivation, which posit that individuals are motivated by the promise or expectation of receiving rewards, such as positive reinforcement or incentives, or avoiding negative consequences, such as punishment or aversive stimuli. Other learning principles, such as classical and operant conditioning, also play a prominent role in incentive theories, which focus on how external stimuli and environmental factors shape behavior and influence motivation.

Question 3

Nate wonders how his friend, Jim, can wake up at 5:00 AM every morning to swim laps before school. When he asks about it, Jim replies that he simply wants to realize his highest personal potential in swimming. Jim's explanation is most consistent with _____ theories of motivation.

Accepted Answer

Jim's desire to reach his highest personal potential suggests a desire for self-actualization, which is consistent with the humanistic theory of motivation.

Question 4

"To get someone to come to do a great job and take pride in their work, a monetary bonus is obviously the best motivator." This statement best illustrates _____ theories of motivation.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that offering a monetary bonus serves as an incentive for employees to do a great job and take pride in their work. The incentive theory of motivation suggests that people are motivated by external rewards such as money, recognition, or benefits. This aligns with the statement, making option A the best choice.

Question 5

"Oh, man, that was awesome! Let's do it again!" Marcela said as she climbed out of the front roller-coaster seat. Which category of motivational theories would best explain Marcela's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Arousal theories explain motivation as the pursuit of optimal levels of arousal. Marcela's desire to ride the roller-coaster again suggests she is seeking the thrill or excitement that comes with high arousal levels, which is characteristic of arousal theories of motivation.

Question 6

Humanistic theories of motivation emphasize the idea that:

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theories of motivation focus on the role of a person's subjective experiences, perception, and self-identity in motivating them towards certain goals. They suggest that motivation arises from the inherent human desire for personal growth and fulfillment, and this desire can be nurtured or thwarted by one's environment. Humanistic theories emphasize the importance of a supportive and positive environment that fosters an individual's sense of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, which in turn enhances their motivation and well-being.

Question 7

_____ find the heightened arousal of novel experiences very pleasurable.

Accepted Answer

Sensation seekers are individuals who seek out novel and exciting experiences to experience a heightened state of arousal. They enjoy the rush that comes from trying new things or taking risks. The other options may not necessarily seek this type of experience.

Question 8

Taylor is highly motivated to maintain a high grade point average because her goal is to pursue studies at the graduate level. Taylor's motivation is best explained by _____ theories.

Accepted Answer

Incentive theories suggest that behavior is motivated by the pursuit of rewards or avoidance of punishment. In this case, Taylor's motivation to maintain a high GPA is driven by the reward of being able to pursue graduate studies.

Question 9

Ashley emphasizes the importance of psychological and cognitive components in human motivation and believes that we are innately driven to strive for a positive self-concept and the realization of our personal potential. Dr. Ashley's views are most consistent with _____ theories of motivation.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Ashley's emphasis on the psychological and cognitive components of motivation and the drive to realize personal potential aligns with humanistic theories of motivation.

Question 10

About 10 or 15 minutes after Jim starts his daily five-mile jog, he usually begins to perspire heavily. His body's tendency to maintain a steady temperature through the cooling action of sweating is a function of:

Accepted Answer

Jim's body's ability to maintain a steady temperature through sweating is an example of homeostasis - the body's biological balance-seeking mechanism. The other options, such as self-determination, incentive motivation, and autonomy, are not relevant to this scenario.

Question 11

_____ motivational theories emphasize the importance of psychological and cognitive factors in humans, including the motivation to strive for a positive self-concept and the realization of personal potential.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic motivational theories, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs and self-determination theory, emphasize the importance of psychological and cognitive factors in human motivation. These theories focus on the individual's desire for self-actualization and the need to attain a positive self-concept. They also emphasize the importance of intrinsic motivation and the satisfaction that comes from achieving personal goals and realizing one's full potential. In contrast, incentive theories focus on external rewards and punishments, drive theories emphasize biological needs, and instinct theories emphasize innate, automatic behaviors.

Question 12

Six-year-old Patrick was very excited and curious when his parents took him to the circus for the first time. However, when the clowns climbed over the barrier and started playing tricks on some of the children nearby, Patrick became visibly upset. Patrick's initial curiosity and his later fear and apprehension in this situation are best explained by _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

Patrick's initial excitement and subsequent fear suggest that his arousal level changed. The arousal theory proposes that individuals attempt to maintain a certain level of arousal (i.e., excitement, alertness, etc.) and that changes in arousal can influence behavior and emotions. Therefore, D: arousal, is the best answer choice.

Question 13

A monkey spends hours trying to open a complicated lock even though there is no reward for doing so. The monkey's behavior is best explained by _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

The monkey's behavior is best explained by arousal theory, which suggests that individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal. Engaging in challenging tasks without external rewards, like trying to open a complicated lock, can provide internal satisfaction and keep arousal levels within an ideal range.

Question 14

The view that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal that is neither too high nor too low is called:

Accepted Answer

Arousal theory proposes that individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal that is not too high or too low. When arousal levels are too low, individuals seek activities or experiences that will increase arousal, whereas when arousal levels are too high, individuals seek activities or experiences that will decrease arousal. Drive theory suggests that motivation arises from the need to reduce internal tension caused by a physiological need, while incentive theory proposes that motivation arises from external rewards or punishments. Humanistic theory emphasizes the importance of personal growth and self-actualization in motivating individuals.

Question 15

The view that behavior is motivated by the pull of external goals, such as rewards, is suggested by:

Accepted Answer

Incentive theories suggest that behavior is motivated by the pull of external goals or incentives, such as rewards or punishments. Drive theories propose that behavior is motivated by internal physiological states, while arousal theory suggests that behavior is motivated by the desire to maintain an optimal level of arousal. Self-determination theory emphasizes the importance of intrinsic motivation and autonomy in behavior.

Question 16

Pierpoint believes that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal. When the level of arousal is too low, we try to increase it by seeking out stimulating experiences. When it is too high, we seek to reduce arousal in a less stimulating environment. Dr. Pierpoint's views are most consistent with _____ theory of motivation.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Pierpoint's views are most consistent with the arousal theory of motivation, which posits that individuals seek to maintain an optimal level of arousal. According to this theory, we seek out stimulating experiences when our arousal is too low and lower our arousal in a less stimulating environment when our arousal is too high.

Question 17

People who rank high on the need for varied, complex, and unique sensory experiences:

Accepted Answer

People who rank high on the need for varied, complex, and unique sensory experiences are referred to as sensation seekers. This trait is linked to a higher likelihood of engaging in risky behavior and seeking out novel experiences.

Question 18

_____ refers to the notion that the body monitors and maintains internal states, such as body temperature and energy supplies, at relatively constant levels.

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite changes in the external environment. This process involves various physiological mechanisms such as maintaining body temperature, blood sugar levels, and fluid balance. The goal of homeostasis is to keep the body functioning optimally and efficiently.

Question 19

Nelson feels that he has all the material possessions he needs in life and is now determined to devote all his energy to creative self-expression through music. Nelson's motivation is best accounted for by _____ theories.

Accepted Answer

This situation is best accounted for by humanistic theories, specifically the concept of self-actualization. When an individual has fulfilled basic needs (such as material possessions), they may be motivated to pursue creative endeavors and personal growth. This is consistent with the humanistic belief that individuals have an innate drive to reach their full potential and strive towards self-actualization.

Question 20

Glucose is also called:

Accepted Answer

Glucose is commonly referred to as blood sugar as it is the primary source of energy for the body's cells and is transported through the bloodstream to various organs and tissues. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, cholecystokinin is a hormone that stimulates the release of digestive enzymes, and adipose tissue refers to fat cells in the body.

Quiz 8: Section 2: Motivation and Emotion