Question 1

When someone attempts to lose weight by decreasing caloric intake while at the same time increasing physical activity, that person is trying to be in a state of

Accepted Answer

When someone decreases caloric intake and increases physical activity, they are expending more calories than they are consuming, which creates a negative energy balance. This can lead to weight loss, as the body turns to stored fat for energy to make up for the deficit. Positive energy balance occurs when someone consumes more calories than they expend, and neutral energy balance occurs when caloric intake and energy expenditure are balanced.

Question 2

Physical fitness can reduce blood pressure, lower blood glucose levels, and lower blood lipid levels in

Accepted Answer

Physical fitness has numerous health benefits, including reducing blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and blood lipid levels in all individuals, regardless of weight status.

Question 3

Total energy expenditure is composed of all of the following components except:

Accepted Answer

Total energy expenditure is composed of basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food. The energy losses through excretion are not part of total energy expenditure as they are not related to the body's energy consumption.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding ghrelin is not true?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is actually released by cells in the stomach before a meal and increases appetite. After a meal, ghrelin levels decrease, causing a feeling of satiety. Therefore, statement B is not true.

Question 5

Measuring waist circumference will assist in determining

Accepted Answer

Measuring waist circumference can help assess the risk of developing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. This is because excess fat around the waist, particularly visceral fat, has been linked to an increased risk of these diseases. Measuring waist circumference does not provide information about the total fat content of the body, subcutaneous adipose tissue, or the distribution of muscle and fat in the body.

Question 6

Adaptive thermogenesis and nonexercise activity thermogenesis are

Accepted Answer

Adaptive thermogenesis and nonexercise activity thermogenesis are both components of total energy expenditure, which is the sum of energy expended for basal metabolism, physical activity, and digestion.

Question 7

Gastric stretching, circulating nutrient levels, and ghrelin all participate in

Accepted Answer

Gastric stretching, circulating nutrient levels, and ghrelin are all factors that contribute to short-term regulation of food intake, meaning they can have a relatively immediate effect on hunger and satiety. In contrast, long-term regulation of food intake is governed more by physiological factors such as body weight set points and metabolic rate.

Question 8

How does leptin participate in body weight regulation?

Accepted Answer

Leptin signals the release of neurotransmitters that promote satiety and energy expenditure, thereby reducing food intake and increasing energy expenditure to regulate body weight. Leptin also acts on the brain to regulate feeding behavior and metabolic rate. High levels of leptin are associated with an increased metabolic rate, while low levels of leptin are associated with decreased metabolic rate and increased hunger.

Question 9

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy expended per hour in order to carry out basic functions such as breathing and beating of the heart. The BMR makes up approximately _____ percent of the TEE.

Accepted Answer

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) accounts for about 50-70 percent of the Total Energy Expenditure (TEE). This large percentage reflects the significant amount of energy required for the body's basic physiological functions, even at rest.

Question 10

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that adults engage in at least _____ of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity.

Accepted Answer

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that adults engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity per week. This can be achieved through 30 minutes of activity on most days of the week. Therefore, choices A and B are not sufficient, while choice D may be too high for some people to achieve. Choice C is the best option based on the guidelines.

Question 11

Factors that contribute to the likelihood of becoming obese include

Accepted Answer

All of the listed factors contribute to the likelihood of becoming obese. Large portion sizes and consumption of energy-dense foods can lead to excessive calorie intake, while a sedentary lifestyle means less physical activity to burn calories. Genetics can also play a role in obesity. It is important to address all of these factors in order to maintain a healthy weight.

Question 12

The method of assessing body composition considered to be the "gold standard" is

Accepted Answer

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is considered the "gold standard" for assessing body composition because it provides accurate measures of both bone mineral density and soft tissue composition. It uses low-dose x-rays to measure the amount of fat, muscle, and bone in the body, making it a highly precise and reliable method.

Question 13

Leptin is a satiety-inducing hormone produced by the _____.

Accepted Answer

Leptin is primarily produced by adipose tissue (fat cells) and plays a key role in regulating energy balance by inhibiting hunger, which in turn diminishes fat storage in adipocytes.

Question 14

Exercise is defined as

Accepted Answer

While all of the options provide some definition of exercise, only option A fully defines it as planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement intended to improve or maintain physical fitness. Options B and C are broader and could include activities that aren't necessarily intentional exercise, while option D is overly specific and excludes shorter bouts of exercise.

Question 15

Food aversions and food cravings differ for a number of reasons. Which of the following is not a difference between the two factors?

Accepted Answer

This statement is not true. Both food aversions and food cravings can have psychological and physiological components. Food aversions can be due to a psychological association with a negative experience related to a certain food while food cravings can be caused by hormonal changes or nutritional deficiencies.

Question 16

The energy needed in order to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients after a meal is called

Accepted Answer

The energy needed for digesting, absorbing, and metabolizing nutrients after a meal is called the thermic effect of food.

Question 17

Body mass index (BMI) is defined as

Accepted Answer

BMI is calculated by dividing a person's body weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. It is used as an indicator of whether a person has a healthy weight for their height.

Question 18

Components of a healthy weight-loss program include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

While choosing foods that are low in fat can be a helpful strategy, it is not necessary to choose foods that are "very low" in fat. A healthy weight-loss program should focus on choosing nutritious foods in moderation, setting reasonable goals, and increasing daily physical activity as the main components.

Question 19

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which BMI category represents overweight?

Accepted Answer

According to the CDC, a BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 is considered overweight. Choices A and B are underweight and healthy weight categories respectively, while choice D is the obese category.

Question 20

Which choice lists the components of total energy expenditure in order from highest contributor to lowest contributor?

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolism accounts for the largest portion of total energy expenditure, followed by physical activity and then the thermic effect of food.

Quiz 9: Energy Balance and Body Weight Regulation