Question 1

Blaise Pascal
-According to Pascal,the proper way to know God is by

Accepted Answer

Pascal believed that knowing God involves an innate insight that is tempered by reason, rather than purely through observation, logical arguments, or mystical experiences.

Question 2

Baruch Spinoza
-Spinoza sees the will as

Accepted Answer

Spinoza believes that everything has a necessary cause, including the will. Therefore, he sees the will as a necessary cause rather than free or non-existent. He also does not believe that the will is at odds with human intellect, as he believes that the intellect and the will are two aspects of the same thing.

Question 3

Baruch Spinoza
-According to Spinoza,the way that God produced things could not be any way other than what is the case because

Accepted Answer

Spinoza believed that God's nature is necessary and unchangeable, so any deviation in the way things are produced would imply a change in God's nature, which is impossible.

Question 4

Baruch Spinoza
-If two substances have the same attribute,then

Accepted Answer

Spinoza's philosophy, particularly in his work "Ethics," posits that no two substances can share an attribute and remain distinct. For Spinoza, an attribute is what the intellect perceives of a substance as constituting its essence. Therefore, if two substances were to share an attribute, they would not be truly distinct, leading to the conclusion that they are one and the same substance.

Question 5

Baruch Spinoza
-The human mind is actually

Accepted Answer

Spinoza believed that the human mind is a mode of God's attribute of thinking, meaning it is a specific expression or modification of God's infinite intellect.

Question 6

Thomas Hobbes
-Hobbes concludes that the only effective way to be safe is to

Accepted Answer

Hobbes believed that humans were naturally selfish and violent, creating a state of perpetual conflict known as the "state of nature." In order to escape this, Hobbes believed that individuals should surrender their rights to a strong central authority, who would maintain order and protect them. This is why the only effective way to be safe, according to Hobbes, is to give your rights away to the government, as choice A suggests.

Question 7

Baruch Spinoza
-Spinoza states that we not only know God exists,but we also know God is perfect because

Accepted Answer

Spinoza argues that imperfection hinders existence, and therefore God, being the highest form of existence, must be perfect. He does not base this on scripture or the creation of other perfect substances, and does not mention a need to balance out any imperfections in God's nature.

Question 8

Blaise Pascal
-Pascal views human beings as

Accepted Answer

Pascal believed that human beings were valuable because of our reason. He believed that reason was the faculty that made us most like God and that it was our highest attribute. While he acknowledged that humans were also flawed and subject to sin, he did not view us as totally evil and depraved. He also did not believe that we could perfect ourselves and become like God in that sense.

Question 9

Baruch Spinoza
-All of the things that we see in creation are

Accepted Answer

The answer of Baruch Spinoza
-All of the things that we...

Question 10

Thomas Hobbes
-The Sovereign is under an obligation to

Accepted Answer

Thomas Hobbes, in his work "Leviathan," argues that the sovereign, created through the social contract to provide peace and security, is under no obligation to anything or anyone, including the subjects or moral and divine laws, beyond the terms of the social contract itself. This is because the sovereign's power is absolute and derived from the consent of the governed, who relinquish their rights to the sovereign in exchange for protection and order.

Question 11

John Locke
-Innate principles do not exist because of all reasons except

Accepted Answer

The statement "nothing can be understood except that which is clearly represented to the sense" contradicts the idea of innate principles, which are thought to be inherent and not dependent on sensory experience. A, B, and C are all reasons that undermine the idea of innate principles as they suggest that there is little agreement or evidence to support their existence.

Question 12

Baruch Spinoza
-Given that God is an absolutely infinite being,

Accepted Answer

Spinoza's philosophy posits that God is a substance with an infinity of essential attributes, meaning God encompasses all possible attributes, not just a limited set.

Question 13

Baruch Spinoza
-Humans believe that there is evil in the world because

Accepted Answer

According to many religious beliefs, such as Christianity, God is believed to have created everything good, but evil entered the world due to the actions of humans (such as Adam and Eve disobeying God in the Garden of Eden). Therefore, humans recognize the existence of evil because they are aware that it is not part of God's original creation.

Question 14

Baruch Spinoza
-How does Spinoza think the will works?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Baruch Spinoza
-How does Spinoza think the will...

Question 15

Baruch Spinoza
-The conclusion that God is the only substance containing all attributes is based on all of the following premises except

Accepted Answer

The conclusion that God is the only substance containing all attributes is based on the premises A, B, and D. The premise C, which states that all things that exist necessarily exist, may not necessarily lead to the conclusion that God is the only substance containing all attributes.

Question 16

Baruch Spinoza
-If substances necessarily exist,then

Accepted Answer

Spinoza argued that if substances necessarily exist, they must be infinite, as his conception of substance includes the idea that a substance is self-sustained and requires nothing else to exist or be conceived. Therefore, if a substance necessarily exists, it must be infinite, embodying all reality, which aligns with his monistic view that there is only one substance, which is God or Nature.

Question 17

Baruch Spinoza
-According to Spinoza,evil is

Accepted Answer

Spinoza believed that everything that exists is a mode or expression of God's infinite attributes. Therefore, for him, evil cannot be a separate and independent existence or a result of human will. Instead, he asserted that there is no such thing as evil; it is just the absence or lack of good. This view is closely related to his concept of metaphysical dualism, which holds that there is only one substance (God/Nature) in the universe, and everything else, including human beings and their actions, is a mode or expression of it.

Question 18

Baruch Spinoza
-Which of the following does Spinoza not say about substance?

Accepted Answer

Spinoza does not say that substances cannot be known unless the causes of substances are known. He does, however, say that substances are known by their essential attributes, substances necessarily exist, and that mind and body are substances.

Question 19

Baruch Spinoza
-God necessarily exists because

Accepted Answer

This argument is based on the ontological argument for the existence of God, which argues that God's existence is necessary and cannot be taken away because it is an essential attribute of God's nature. This argument does not rely on the idea of cause and effect, but rather on the nature of God as a necessary being. The other options (A, B, and D) are arguments from different philosophical traditions and may have their own strengths and weaknesses, but do not provide as strong a case for God's necessary existence as the ontological argument.

Question 20

John Locke
-In regards to innate principles in the mind,Locke says

Accepted Answer

Locke believes that all human knowledge comes from sense experience and that the mind is a blank slate at birth. Therefore, he rejects the idea of innate principles in the mind.

Quiz 1: Ancient Greek Philosophy

Blaise Pascal -According to Pascal,the proper way to know God is by

Baruch Spinoza -Spinoza sees the will as

Baruch Spinoza -According to Spinoza,the way that God produced things could not be any way other than what is the case because

Baruch Spinoza -If two substances have the same attribute,then

Baruch Spinoza -The human mind is actually

Thomas Hobbes -Hobbes concludes that the only effective way to be safe is to

Baruch Spinoza -Spinoza states that we not only know God exists,but we also know God is perfect because

Blaise Pascal -Pascal views human beings as

Baruch Spinoza -All of the things that we see in creation are

Thomas Hobbes -The Sovereign is under an obligation to

John Locke -Innate principles do not exist because of all reasons except

Baruch Spinoza -Given that God is an absolutely infinite being,

Baruch Spinoza -Humans believe that there is evil in the world because

Baruch Spinoza -How does Spinoza think the will works?

Baruch Spinoza -The conclusion that God is the only substance containing all attributes is based on all of the following premises except

Baruch Spinoza -If substances necessarily exist,then

Baruch Spinoza -According to Spinoza,evil is

Baruch Spinoza -Which of the following does Spinoza not say about substance?

Baruch Spinoza -God necessarily exists because

John Locke -In regards to innate principles in the mind,Locke says