Question 1

G.W.F. Hegel
-What is the true purpose of the finite spirit according to Hegel?

Accepted Answer

According to Hegel, the true purpose of the finite spirit is to pursue the infinite and absolute spirit. Hegel believed in the unity of the finite and infinite, and saw the finite spirit as a necessary step towards the realization of the absolute spirit. The finite, individual spirit is not an end in itself, but rather a means towards the realization of the infinite spirit.

Question 2

Soren Kierkegaard
-Which person would Kierkegaard regard as being closer to truth?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Soren Kierkegaard
-Which person would Kierkegaard regard as...

Question 3

John Stuart Mill
-According to Mill,Virtue is desired

Accepted Answer

According to Mill, virtue is desired as a means to happiness. Mill believed that virtuous actions produce happiness, and therefore, virtues are desirable for the happiness they bring. Mill also believed that virtues are not inherently valuable in themselves, but are valuable because they lead to happiness.

Question 4

What is Hegel's attitude towards the ideas that are contained in the history of philosophy?

Accepted Answer

Hegel believed that the history of philosophy was necessary and led to the final triumph of philosophy in his own day. He believed that each stage of philosophical thought contributed to the development of the next, and that this process culminated in his own philosophical system. Therefore, he placed a great deal of value on the history of philosophy.

Question 5

G.W.F. Hegel
-By being forced to work with things,the servant

Accepted Answer

By working with things, the servant develops skills and abilities that give them a sense of identity and self-worth. They can also develop a sense of pride and ownership in their work, which can help them feel more valuable and respected. This stands in contrast to being an extension of the master, which suggests a lack of autonomy and identity.

Question 6

John Stuart Mill
-Mill states that in order for a moral philosophy to be binding,it must

Accepted Answer

The answer of John Stuart Mill
-Mill states that in order...

Question 7

John Stuart Mill
-In the end,all morality is actually based on

Accepted Answer

Mill believed that morality is based on the human conscience, which is a faculty that allows us to distinguish between right and wrong.

Question 8

Soren Kierkegaard
-Kierkegaard states that faith is

Accepted Answer

Kierkegaard's concept of faith involves making a subjective leap in believing in uncertain truth, even when reason and evidence cannot fully support it. He believed that faith is not simply about adhering to established doctrines, but rather involves an entirely personal and individualistic relationship with the divine. Option C best captures this idea.

Question 9

John Stuart Mill
-In response to the accusation that utilitarianism is godless,Mill argues that if God desires happiness for creatures,then

Accepted Answer

The answer of John Stuart Mill
-In response to the accusation...

Question 10

Soren Kierkegaard
-Why,according to Kierkegaard,is Abraham's action so different from that of other religious leaders?

Accepted Answer

According to Kierkegaard, Abraham's action is different from other religious leaders because he was asked to act contrary to the moral law. Specifically, he was asked to sacrifice his own son, which goes against the moral imperative to preserve life. This act was so extreme and paradoxical that it embodied the essence of faith, which Kierkegaard believed involves transcending the ethical sphere and embracing the absurdity of the divine command. Other religious leaders may have acted out of selflessness, but they did not face the same kind of impossible choice that Abraham did.

Question 11

John Stuart Mill
-Mill argues that justice is distinguished from other moral terms by its association with which of the following concepts? .

Accepted Answer

Mill argues that justice is distinguished from other moral terms by its association with the concept of individuals having a right to something. Justice is about respecting and protecting these rights, whereas other moral concepts may be based on personal preferences or societal norms.

Question 12

John Stuart Mill
-In opposition to Kant,Mill proposes that morality be based on

Accepted Answer

Mill proposes that morality be based on the consequences of an action, also known as utilitarianism. In other words, the moral worth of an action is determined by its ability to produce the most happiness or pleasure for the greatest number of people. This is in contrast to Kant's idea that morality is based on a person's duty to the moral law, regardless of the consequences. Mill believed that focusing on the consequences of actions would lead to a more practical and flexible moral system, as opposed to the rigid, rule-based approach of Kantian ethics.

Question 13

John Stuart Mill
-Mill believes that one person sacrificing themselves for a group of people is not good because

Accepted Answer

Mill believed in the ethical theory of utilitarianism, which prioritizes the consequences of actions over the actions themselves. Therefore, sacrificing oneself for the group may not necessarily be good in itself, but rather, its value lies in the positive consequences it brings about for the community.

Question 14

John Stuart Mill
-According to Mill some philosophers believe that right and wrong can be directly intuited using one's conscience.Let us call these philosophers intuitionists.Which of the following statement would an intuitionist agree with?

Accepted Answer

The answer of John Stuart Mill
-According to Mill some philosophers...

Question 15

John Stuart Mill
-According to Mill,the way in which an action is determined to be moral is to

Accepted Answer

Mill's ethical theory is utilitarianism, which posits that the morality of an action is determined by its outcome, specifically whether it maximizes pleasure or happiness for the greatest number of people.

Question 16

G.W.F. Hegel
-Which of the following contributions did the Greeks not make to the advancement of philosophy?

Accepted Answer

Hegel, along with many other philosophers, recognized the Greeks for their significant contributions to the understanding of thought and its relation to reality. The Greeks are known for their advancements in the idea that thought is deeply connected to reality, contrary to choice A, which suggests they believed thought had little to do with reality. This is not in line with the philosophical contributions attributed to the Greeks by Hegel, who emphasized the importance of thought in understanding and shaping reality. Choices B, C, and D reflect more accurately the contributions and philosophical insights of the Greeks as recognized by Hegel and other philosophers.

Question 17

John Stuart Mill
-Mill states that good must be something which is desired as an end in itself and concludes that the only thing which is so desired is

Accepted Answer

Mill argues that the only thing that is desired as an end in itself is the increase of pleasure and the decrease of pain. He claims that all other things that people consider good, such as virtue or duty, are only desired as means to achieve the ultimate goal of pleasure and the absence of pain. Therefore, according to Mill, the standard of goodness should be based on the principle of utility, which aims to maximize pleasure and minimize pain for the greatest number of people.

Question 18

John Stuart Mill
-In order for justice to be binding,

Accepted Answer

Justice must be more than just a rule of conduct established by the community. It must also be morally right, meaning it aligns with the values and principles of the people. Only then can it truly be binding and upheld impartially. A and D are not accurate as they do not fully capture the complexity of justice. C is partially correct, but it is not enough for justice to simply be decided on by the community - it must also align with moral rightness.

Question 19

G.W.F. Hegel
-The master,the servant,and particular things are related in that

Accepted Answer

The master is related to particular things through the servant, as the servant is tasked with handling and managing those things on behalf of the master. The servant acts as a middleman between the master and the particular things, making the master's relationship with those things indirect but still present.

Question 20

Soren Kierkegaard
-According to Kierkegaard,faith is when "the single individual is higher than the universal,[and] is justified before it," by which he means

Accepted Answer

Kierkegaard believed that faith is not just following a set of moral laws, but involves a personal and individual commitment to God's will, which is above and beyond any universal morality. Therefore, faith is when a person follows God's will, which is above the moral law, and is justified before the universal. Option A is incorrect because Kierkegaard did not believe in disregarding morality. Option B is incorrect because he believed that faith is greater than simply following the moral law. Option D is incorrect because faith is not the same as God's moral law; rather, faith involves a personal relationship with God.

Quiz 1: Ancient Greek Philosophy

G.W.F. Hegel -What is the true purpose of the finite spirit according to Hegel?

Soren Kierkegaard -Which person would Kierkegaard regard as being closer to truth?

John Stuart Mill -According to Mill,Virtue is desired

What is Hegel's attitude towards the ideas that are contained in the history of philosophy?

G.W.F. Hegel -By being forced to work with things,the servant

John Stuart Mill -Mill states that in order for a moral philosophy to be binding,it must

John Stuart Mill -In the end,all morality is actually based on

Soren Kierkegaard -Kierkegaard states that faith is

John Stuart Mill -In response to the accusation that utilitarianism is godless,Mill argues that if God desires happiness for creatures,then

Soren Kierkegaard -Why,according to Kierkegaard,is Abraham's action so different from that of other religious leaders?

John Stuart Mill -Mill argues that justice is distinguished from other moral terms by its association with which of the following concepts? .

John Stuart Mill -In opposition to Kant,Mill proposes that morality be based on

John Stuart Mill -Mill believes that one person sacrificing themselves for a group of people is not good because

John Stuart Mill -According to Mill some philosophers believe that right and wrong can be directly intuited using one's conscience.Let us call these philosophers intuitionists.Which of the following statement would an intuitionist agree with?

John Stuart Mill -According to Mill,the way in which an action is determined to be moral is to

G.W.F. Hegel -Which of the following contributions did the Greeks not make to the advancement of philosophy?

John Stuart Mill -Mill states that good must be something which is desired as an end in itself and concludes that the only thing which is so desired is

John Stuart Mill -In order for justice to be binding,

G.W.F. Hegel -The master,the servant,and particular things are related in that

Soren Kierkegaard -According to Kierkegaard,faith is when "the single individual is higher than the universal,[and] is justified before it," by which he means