Question 1

David Hume
-Which of the following people is not at liberty according to Hume?

Accepted Answer

The answer of David Hume
-Which of the following people is...

Question 2

David Hume
-In refuting philosophers who claim that everything is full of God and is sustained by God,Hume states

Accepted Answer

Hume questions the validity of the claim that everything is sustained by God and argues that there are not sufficient arguments to prove it. Therefore, the correct choice is D. A is incorrect because Hume does not believe that the world is independent of causal principles. B is incorrect because Hume's argument does not center on the existence of causality proving or disproving God's existence. C is incorrect because Hume does not support the claim that if God possibly exists, then he necessarily exists.

Question 3

David Hume
-Ultimately,causality is

Accepted Answer

Causality is a habit of our minds, meaning that our minds tend to see cause and effect relationships in events even if they may not be present. This is because our brains are wired to make sense of the world through patterns and connections. While causality cannot be proven with certainty, it is a useful tool for understanding the world around us. The other answer choices are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the concept of causality.

Question 4

Relations of ideas are either intuitively or demonstratively certain,while matters of fact are

Accepted Answer

Matters of fact are unable to be proven or disproven.

Question 5

David Hume
-What does Hume conclude to be a true miracle?

Accepted Answer

The answer of David Hume
-What does Hume conclude to be...

Question 6

David Hume
-Effects and their causes are connected

Accepted Answer

David Hume argued that cause and effect are not inherently connected in the way we think they are; rather, our belief in causation is a result of habit or custom from observing sequences of events, not from a logical or necessary connection.

Question 7

George Berkeley
-What happened at the creation,according to Philonous?

Accepted Answer

According to Philonous, God created minds and a world of ideas which they perceive. He argues that the physical world we see is only a collection of ideas in our minds, and that material objects do not exist independently of our perception of them. Therefore, choice D is the best answer.

Question 8

David Hume
-Hume believes that the principle of cause and effect is known

Accepted Answer

Hume argues that the principle of cause and effect is not known by innate knowledge or by demonstrative reason, but rather can only be known through experience. He claims that we cannot know a priori (before experience) that one event causes another, but rather we observe that certain events are constantly conjoined in our experience, and we come to infer a causal relationship between them through custom and habit. Therefore, the option C, "by experience alone" is the best choice.

Question 9

David Hume
-If Hume went to a poker game he would

Accepted Answer

Hume's philosophy emphasizes the importance of past experiences and observations in shaping our understanding of the world. Therefore, he would likely play according to probability based on past games as the best indication of future games.

Question 10

David Hume
-When Hume talks about necessity,he means

Accepted Answer

Hume's concept of necessity revolves around the consistent conjunction of events, where "a" has always occurred after "b," emphasizing empirical observation over logical or metaphysical necessity.

Question 11

David Hume
-If causality is not a certain principle,then our only knowledge comes from

Accepted Answer

If causality is not a certain principle, then our only knowledge would come from inferences based on custom. This is because we would rely on past experiences and observations to create expectations for future events, rather than on an inherent understanding of causality itself.

Question 12

George Berkeley
-According to Philonous,humans come to know spiritual substance

Accepted Answer

According to Philonous (a character in George Berkeley's philosophical work "Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous"), humans come to know spiritual substance through reflection on ourselves and others. Philonous argues that our knowledge of other minds and spirits is not based on material perception, but rather on the internal experience of reflection and introspection.

Question 13

George Berkeley
-Why does Philonous think that the support for immaterialism outweighs that for materialism?

Accepted Answer

Philonous argues that while there may be proofs for and against the existence of immaterial entities, there are no proofs for the existence of matter. Therefore, he concludes that the support for immaterialism outweighs that for materialism.

Question 14

George Berkeley
-If ideas are inert,then how,according to Philonous,can we have an idea of an active God?

Accepted Answer

Berkeley, through Philonous, argues that we do not have ideas about God, spirits, or even ourselves in the way we have ideas about physical objects. Instead, our knowledge of God and spirits comes through a different means than sensory experience, as these entities are not material or inert but active and spiritual.

Question 15

David Hume
-When Hume talks about belief in an idea,he means

Accepted Answer

Hume believed that beliefs were based on empirical evidence or vivid sense perceptions, rather than faith or abstract ideas. Therefore, choice B represents Hume's view on belief.

Question 16

David Hume
-Hume concludes his Enquiry with a famous call to

Accepted Answer

Hume's call to doubt everything except what is based on matters of fact or mathematical reasoning is known as his "mitigated skepticism." While he is skeptical of all knowledge claims that lack empirical support, he does not advocate for complete doubt or disbelief in all things. Instead, he argues for a more cautious and critically-minded approach to knowledge acquisition.

Question 17

George Berkeley
-Philonous hopes that immaterialism will end atheism because

Accepted Answer

Philonous argues that if immaterialism is true, then atheists will not be able to use matter to explain the origin and continuity of the universe. This would be a challenge to atheism, as it relies on a materialist view of the world. By denying the existence of matter, immaterialism could undermine the atheistic view of reality. Therefore, Philonous hopes that immaterialism will end atheism.

Question 18

David Hume
-The difference between thoughts and impressions is that

Accepted Answer

David Hume distinguishes between thoughts and impressions based on their intensity. Impressions, which include all our sensations, passions, and emotions, are more vivid and powerful, whereas thoughts or ideas are the less forceful perceptions we have when we reflect on those impressions in our mind.

Question 19

David Hume
-With regards to miracles,Hume believes that

Accepted Answer

The answer of David Hume
-With regards to miracles,Hume believes that
...

Question 20

David Hume
-Philosophers associate ideas based on all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Philosophers typically associate ideas based on resemblance, contiguity, and cause and effect. Therefore, the odd one out is "relation of ideas", making D the best choice.

Quiz 1: Ancient Greek Philosophy

David Hume -Which of the following people is not at liberty according to Hume?

David Hume -In refuting philosophers who claim that everything is full of God and is sustained by God,Hume states

David Hume -Ultimately,causality is

Relations of ideas are either intuitively or demonstratively certain,while matters of fact are

David Hume -What does Hume conclude to be a true miracle?

David Hume -Effects and their causes are connected

George Berkeley -What happened at the creation,according to Philonous?

David Hume -Hume believes that the principle of cause and effect is known

David Hume -If Hume went to a poker game he would

David Hume -When Hume talks about necessity,he means

David Hume -If causality is not a certain principle,then our only knowledge comes from

George Berkeley -According to Philonous,humans come to know spiritual substance

George Berkeley -Why does Philonous think that the support for immaterialism outweighs that for materialism?

George Berkeley -If ideas are inert,then how,according to Philonous,can we have an idea of an active God?

David Hume -When Hume talks about belief in an idea,he means

David Hume -Hume concludes his Enquiry with a famous call to

George Berkeley -Philonous hopes that immaterialism will end atheism because

David Hume -The difference between thoughts and impressions is that

David Hume -With regards to miracles,Hume believes that

David Hume -Philosophers associate ideas based on all of the following except