Question 1

Janine loves to get attention in social situations.She often talks about herself and her many achievements (which she usually exaggerates),and she believes others should perceive her as especially interesting and important.Janine may have:

Accepted Answer

Janine exhibits characteristics of a narcissistic personality, which is characterized by a strong sense of entitlement, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. Her behavior of constantly talking about herself and her achievements, and believing she is more important than others, is consistent with this personality trait.

Question 2

The self-schema is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The self-schema is a cognitive structure that guides the way individuals attend to, perceive, and interpret information about themselves. It helps individuals organize their thoughts, feelings, and experiences related to the self. Option A refers to self-identity or self-concept, which includes the overall sense of oneself that may vary in different situations. Option C refers to the evaluative aspect of self-esteem, while option D refers to the sociometer theory of self-esteem that proposes that people use social acceptance/rejection as internal monitors of self-worth.

Question 3

Self-esteem and objective life outcomes are:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Self-esteem and objective life outcomes are:
...

Question 4

Jason is involved in a personality research study,and he is asked to sort cards labeled with personality characteristics into different piles.The piles represent which characteristics describe Jason very well,somewhat well,and not at all well.The assessment given to Jason is very similar to the:

Accepted Answer

The California Q-Sort involves sorting descriptions or statements about oneself into different piles based on the extent to which they accurately describe the individual, just like Jason is being asked to sort personality characteristics into different piles. The Thematic Apperception Test, NEO inventory, and Rorschach inkblot test all involve different methods of assessing personality.

Question 5

The cocktail party phenomenon provides evidence that:

Accepted Answer

The cocktail party phenomenon refers to the tendency to focus one's attention on a particular conversation while filtering out other irrelevant conversations in a crowded party or social setting. This provides evidence that people process information relevant to the self automatically and deeply, as individuals tend to tune in to conversations that are personally relevant to them, even when many other conversations are occurring around them. Therefore, option C is the correct answer. Option A is not pertinent to the given phenomenon. Option B is irrelevant and unrelated to the cocktail party phenomenon. Option D is incorrect because the behavioral inhibition system is not related to the given phenomenon.

Question 6

Terror management theory predicts that people will act in ways that enhance their self-esteem when:

Accepted Answer

Terror management theory predicts that people will act in ways that enhance their self-esteem when they are reminded of sickness and death. This is because the awareness of our own mortality often leads to a sense of existential anxiety which we try to cope with by seeking a sense of self-worth and meaning in our lives.

Question 7

Imagine you have just met the person who is going to be your roommate next year.On the basis of what psychologists know about judgments of personality,to whom would you ask questions about what the new roommate is like,and why?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists have found that people are not always objective about some aspects of their own behavior. Therefore, it would be better to ask the future roommate's close acquaintances, who are likely to have a more objective view of the person.

Question 8

When people remember information about the self,which brain region is most active?

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobes are responsible for higher cognitive functions, such as decision making, problem solving, attention, and memory retrieval. The prefrontal cortex, in particular, is involved in the processing of information related to the self, including autobiographical memories and self-referential processing. Studies have shown increased activity in the frontal lobes when individuals retrieve information about themselves.

Question 9

If a therapist gives a client the Thematic Apperception Test,she is attempting to assess the client's:

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is used to assess motivational traits, such as needs, desires, and aspirations, by analyzing a person's responses to ambiguous pictures. It is not specifically designed to assess self-esteem, psychiatric diagnosis, or sexual conflicts.

Question 10

In which of the following questions will the word kind be processed most efficiently and automatically?

Accepted Answer

Processing the word "kind" is most efficient and automatic when it is used in reference to oneself (i.e. "Are you kind?"). It requires less effort to retrieve information about oneself compared to retrieving information about others.

Question 11

According to your textbook,what ability is most likely to be affected by frontal lobe damage?

Accepted Answer

Processing information about the self is most likely to be affected by frontal lobe damage. The frontal lobes play a crucial role in supporting a person's sense of self, including self-awareness, self-monitoring, and self-evaluation. Damage to the frontal lobes can result in deficits in these areas, such as a lack of insight into one's own behavior or personality changes.

Question 12

Dr.Heinz,a therapist,views personality in terms of Freud's ideas.Which of the following techniques would Dr.Heinz be LEAST likely to use with someone?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Heinz,a therapist,views personality in terms of Freud's...

Question 13

Someone who is more focused on her own needs than on the needs of anyone else feels that she is more valuable and more special than others and feels angry when challenged,shows behaviors consistent with:

Accepted Answer

The behavior described in the question is consistent with a narcissistic personality, which is characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a lack of empathy for others, and an excessive need for admiration. People with this personality disorder often see themselves as special and entitled to special treatment, and can become angry or defensive when their sense of self-worth is challenged. They may prioritize their own needs above others and lack the ability to understand or care about the feelings of those around them.

Question 14

The cognitive aspect of the self-concept is known as (the):

Accepted Answer

The cognitive aspect of the self-concept refers to the mental framework that we use to organize and process self-relevant information, which is often referred to as the self-schema. A self-schema is a cognitive framework that represents beliefs and feelings about the self, based on past experiences and social interactions. Self-awareness refers to the degree to which we are conscious of our own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Self-esteem refers to the evaluative aspect of the self-concept, or the degree to which we have positive or negative judgments about ourselves. Self-regulation refers to the ability to control our own thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

Question 15

Research has shown that,in predicting the behavior of people we know,we:

Accepted Answer

Research has found that we are more accurate in predicting the observable behaviors of others than our own. This is because we rely on our own internal experiences and motivations when predicting our own behavior and are often biased in our self-evaluations. In contrast, we must rely solely on external cues when predicting the behavior of others, which can lead to more accurate predictions.

Question 16

If someone has high self-esteem and is happy with life,it is possible to predict:

Accepted Answer

Having high self-esteem and being happy with life does not necessarily correlate with high levels of achievement in other areas of life. Success in various areas is influenced by many factors, including motivation, opportunity, and resources. Therefore, it is difficult to predict someone's level of achievement based solely on their self-esteem and happiness.

Question 17

Maria Isabel always believed she was a kind and good-hearted person.Others,however,perceived her as somewhat cold and aloof.Who would give the most accurate description of these aspects of Maria Isabel's personality?

Accepted Answer

Her adult children, who have lived with her for decades, would likely provide the most accurate description of her personality as they have observed her behavior over a long period and in various situations.

Question 18

Although most projective measures of personality are viewed as too subjective and not properly validated,the ________ is still considered useful for predicting some aspects of behavior.

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is still considered useful for predicting some aspects of behavior, such as motivation, needs, and emotional states. It involves showing participants ambiguous pictures and asking them to create a story about what is happening in the picture. Their responses are then analyzed to gain insights into their personality traits and tendencies. While the Rorschach inkblot test and other projective measures have come under criticism for lack of validity and reliability, the TAT has been researched extensively and is still considered a useful tool in some contexts. The draw-a-family test and imaginary friend test are not widely used measures of personality.

Question 19

Tory was asked,"Do you consider yourself smart?" Tory immediately answered,"I think I am just as smart as anyone else." Tory's ability to answer effortlessly and automatically,without having to think much about the question,shows that:

Accepted Answer

Tory's quick and automatic response suggests that her self-schema, which is the cognitive representation of her self-concept, includes information about her intelligence level. This allows her to respond effortlessly to questions about her intelligence.

Question 20

When asked to describe her friends' personalities,Janelle could do so fairly quickly and accurately.When asked to describe her own personality,it took her a while to organize her thoughts and respond.According to the text,Janelle's difficulty in responding to questions about her own personality is most likely due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The text suggests that Janelle is more aware of her friends' personalities because she is paying more attention to them than to herself. This indicates that people may have limited knowledge of their own behavior because they are busy paying attention to others' behaviors.

Quiz 13: Personality

Janine loves to get attention in social situations.She often talks about herself and her many achievements (which she usually exaggerates) ,and she believes others should perceive her as especially interesting and important.Janine may have: