Question 1

Which of the following disorders typically occurs in periodic episodes that eventually terminate by themselves even without professional help?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following disorders typically occurs...

Question 2

Which of the following disorders often accompanies depression?

Accepted Answer

Anxiety and substance use disorders often accompany depression. It is common for individuals with depression to also have symptoms of anxiety, such as excessive worrying or social anxiety. Additionally, substance use disorders may develop in those with depression as a way to cope with their symptoms.

Question 3

Which of the following perspectives highlights how people's negative assumptions and explanatory style are related to depression?

Accepted Answer

The social-cognitive perspective emphasizes how negative thoughts, beliefs, and explanatory styles contribute to the development and maintenance of depression. It suggests that people who have a tendency to engage in negative self-talk, attribute negative events to internal, stable, and global factors, and see themselves as helpless and powerless are more vulnerable to depression. This perspective also emphasizes the role of social factors, such as stress, social support, and interpersonal relationships, in shaping people's thinking patterns and emotional responses.

Question 4

To identify genes that put people at risk for depression,researchers have used

Accepted Answer

Linkage analysis is a genetic research method used to identify genes that are associated with a particular disease or trait. Researchers can use this method to identify genes that put people at risk for depression. FMRI and PET scans are types of brain imaging techniques that can be used to study brain function but are not typically used to identify genes. The DSM-5 is a diagnostic tool used to identify mental health disorders but does not involve genetics.

Question 5

Research suggests that women are more vulnerable to depression than men because women tend to overthink,to linger mentally on negative events.This suggestion best illustrates a ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The given explanation suggests that women's tendency to overthink and focus on negative events is a cognitive process that makes them vulnerable to depression. This perspective is best explained by a social-cognitive perspective, which focuses on how social and cognitive factors interact to influence behavior and mental processes. This explanation does not emphasize biological or conditioning factors, and linkage analysis is not relevant to this specific question.

Question 6

Stressful life events such as the loss of a job are most likely to increase one's risk of

Accepted Answer

The loss of a job is a common stressor that can lead to feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and despair, which are common symptoms of depression. Therefore, stressful life events such as the loss of a job are most likely to increase one's risk of depression.

Question 7

A response to the threat of future loss is to ________ as a response to past and current stress is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Anxiety is a response to the anticipation of future loss, stress, or danger, while depression is often a response to past and current stress, reflecting a state of feeling down or hopeless.

Question 8

Diet,drugs,and stress can place molecular tags on our chromosomes and thereby play a decisive role in whether we suffer an increased risk of depression.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic effects refer to modifications to gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence. Diet, drugs, and stress can all affect epigenetic tags on our chromosomes, thus impacting our risk for depression. Choices A, B, and D are all psychological concepts that do not directly relate to these molecular changes.

Question 9

Bret has bipolar disorder.He is likely to experience which of the following altered brain structures?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bret has bipolar disorder.He is likely to...

Question 10

Jeremy has responded to the stress of his parents' divorce with excessive alcohol consumption and withdrawal from friends,family,and other sources of social support.These behaviors are most likely to place Jeremy at a heightened level of risk for

Accepted Answer

Jeremy's behaviors suggest symptoms of major depressive disorder, which is associated with withdrawal from social support and increased alcohol consumption as a maladaptive coping mechanism in response to stress.

Question 11

During which two periods during the life span are females at an increased risk for developing depression?

Accepted Answer

Females are at an increased risk for developing depression during adolescence, due to hormonal and social changes, and during menopause, due to hormonal fluctuations and physical changes.

Question 12

Severely depressed individuals are especially likely to show reduced brain activity in the

Accepted Answer

The left frontal lobe is responsible for positive emotions and motivation, while the right frontal lobe is responsible for negative emotions and withdrawal behaviors. Therefore, reduced brain activity in the left frontal lobe is associated with depression.

Question 13

As compared with her husband,Jim,Jane is at an increased risk for developing a disorder that involves internalized states.Which of the following is NOT one of those disorders?

Accepted Answer

While depression, anxiety, and inhibited sexual desire are all examples of disorders that involve internalized states, alcohol use disorder is primarily a behavioral disorder that involves excessive or problematic drinking. It is not necessarily tied to internalized states in the same way as the other options.

Question 14

People who eat a "Mediterranean Diet" that is heavy on vegetables,fish,and olive oil have a comparatively low risk of developing

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that a Mediterranean diet, which is rich in vegetables, fish, and olive oil, is associated with a lower risk of depression. This diet's high content of omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and fiber is believed to contribute to improved mental health.

Question 15

Compared with men,women are much more likely to be diagnosed as suffering from

Accepted Answer

Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with depression than men, with factors such as hormonal changes, societal and cultural pressures, and life experiences contributing to this disparity. While women may also experience mania, bipolar disorder, and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, they are not necessarily more likely to be diagnosed with these conditions compared to men.

Question 16

The incidence of major depressive disorder is greatest among those

Accepted Answer

The incidence of major depressive disorder is greatest among those who are raised apart from an identical twin who suffers the disorder. This suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in its development, as identical twins share almost all of their genetic material. Research has shown that the heritability of major depressive disorder is estimated to be around 40-50%.

Question 17

Thirteen-year-old Jason has mood swings in which he alternates between depression and uncontrollable behavior,often interrupting class and acting aggressively toward his classmates.According to the DSM-5,Jason would be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Jason's symptoms match the criteria for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, which is characterized by frequent temper tantrums, irritability, and outbursts of anger. This diagnosis is often given to children who exhibit severe and chronic irritability and recurrent outbursts of behavior that are out of proportion to the situation. The diagnosis is meant to help distinguish these symptoms from bipolar disorder in children, which is characterized by episodes of mania and depression.

Question 18

In terms of neurotransmitter levels,depression is associated with

Accepted Answer

Depression is often associated with low levels of both norepinephrine and serotonin, which are neurotransmitters involved in regulating mood, energy, and focus.

Question 19

Recovery from a major depressive episode is likely to be permanent the ________ the first episodes appear and the ________ the number of previous episodes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recovery from a major depressive episode is...

Question 20

After reaching puberty,girls become more vulnerable to developing all of the following except

Accepted Answer

The answer of After reaching puberty,girls become more vulnerable to...

Quiz 50: Mood Disorders