Question 1

One problem with the use of the polygraph for lie detection is that

Accepted Answer

The use of polygraph for lie detection is limited by the fact that many different psychological states (such as anxiety, irritation, and guilt feelings) can cause similar physiological responses, so it is possible to produce false positives or false negatives. This undermines the accuracy and reliability of using the polygraph as a tool for detecting deception.

Question 2

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for rest and digestion. When it is activated, it slows down the heart rate and accelerates digestion, in order to conserve energy and allow for optimal nutrient absorption.

Question 3

Emotions are a mix of all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Emotions are not a mix of incentives, but rather, they may motivate us towards certain incentives or goals. The other three options - bodily arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experiences - are all components of emotions.

Question 4

If polygraphs are used as the only judge of guilt or innocence,

Accepted Answer

Polygraphs, also known as lie detectors, are not completely accurate and have a significant rate of false positives, meaning they can incorrectly identify innocent people as guilty. This leads to a scenario where more than one-third of innocent individuals could be wrongly declared guilty based on polygraph results alone.

Question 5

After Albert recovered from a stroke,his wife noticed that he was now very easy-going and much more affectionate.Alberto's stroke most likely occurred in his brain's

Accepted Answer

The right frontal lobe of the brain is associated with personality, behavior, and emotions. Damage to this area can lead to changes in social behavior and personality, such as becoming more easy-going or affectionate, as described in the scenario with Albert.

Question 6

The emotions of anger and fear involve similar

Accepted Answer

The answer of The emotions of anger and fear involve...

Question 7

Which of the following suggests that you would not experience intense anger unless you were first aware of your racing heart or other symptoms of physiological arousal?

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotions are the result of the physiological arousal that precedes them. In other words, we first experience a physical response (such as a racing heart), which then leads to the experience of the corresponding emotion (such as anger). Therefore, according to this theory, one would not experience intense anger unless they were first aware of their racing heart or other symptoms of physiological arousal.

Question 8

The arousal that lingers after an intense argument may intensify sexual passion.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The spillover effect refers to the way arousal from one situation can spill over into another situation, increasing the intensity of emotional reactions. In this case, the arousal from the intense argument spills over into sexual passion, intensifying it.

Question 9

Increased left frontal lobe activity is most characteristic of people with

Accepted Answer

Increased activity in the left frontal lobe is associated with positive emotions and personalities, reflecting a greater engagement with, and enjoyment of, the social world. This area of the brain is often linked to approach-related behavior and positive affect.

Question 10

Emotional disgust is to emotional delight as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Emotional disgust is associated with activation in the right prefrontal cortex, while emotional delight is associated with activation in the left prefrontal cortex, reflecting the contrasting nature of these emotions similar to the contrast between disgust and delight.

Question 11

The insula is activated when people experience emotions such as

Accepted Answer

The insula has been found to be active in various emotion-related experiences, including pride, lust, and disgust. Therefore, the best choice is D, as any of these emotions can activate the insula.

Question 12

As people experience positive emotions,an increase in brain activity is most evident in the

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that the left frontal lobe is associated with positive emotions, while the right frontal lobe is associated with negative emotions. Therefore, as people experience positive emotions, an increase in brain activity is most evident in the left frontal lobe.

Question 13

Turning in at her street,Dominique saw six fire trucks in front of her apartment building.Her heart beat wildly until someone yelled,"Just a false alarm." Her pulse then began to return to normal,due to the action of her ________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for restoring the body to its normal state after a stress response, such as the fight or flight response activated by the sympathetic nervous system. In this scenario, Dominique's pulse returning to normal suggests the action of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 14

Although newspapers reported that a murder victim had been stabbed with a knife,two police investigators knew that the actual murder weapon was a letter opener.While carefully monitoring the changes in heart rate and perspiration level of a prime suspect,the investigators asked him if he typically used a letter opener on his mail.The investigators were making use of the

Accepted Answer

The investigators were using the Concealed Information Test, which involves asking questions that only a guilty individual would know the answer to, in order to determine the suspect's guilt or innocence. This type of test is often used in cases where the investigators have information that is not yet public knowledge, such as the use of a letter opener as the murder weapon in this case. The other options, two-factor theory, James-Lange theory, and spillover effect, are not relevant to this scenario.

Question 15

Observers watching fearful faces show more brain activity in the ________ than do those watching angry faces.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is the area of the brain associated with fear, so it makes sense that it would show more activity when observing fearful faces compared to angry faces. The other options (cerebellum, thalamus, hippocampus) are not primarily associated with processing emotions.

Question 16

The sympathetic nervous system is to the parasympathetic nervous system as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which includes inhibiting digestion, while the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for "rest and digest," which includes accelerating digestion. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Question 17

Mr.Hanson is strongly suspected of embezzling money from his employer.He has denied the allegation.To determine whether he is lying,investigators are most likely to ask Mr.Hanson to take a(n)________ test.

Accepted Answer

A polygraph test is commonly used in criminal investigations to determine whether a suspect is lying or telling the truth. The test measures various physiological responses such as changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, which can indicate whether the person is experiencing stress or anxiety, which may be associated with deception. While the accuracy and reliability of polygraphs have been debated, they are still commonly used by investigators as a tool to aid in their investigations.

Question 18

Kitty,an inexperienced pilot,prepares for an emergency landing after her single-engine plane loses power.Kitty's emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by

Accepted Answer

In an emergency situation, the body's sympathetic nervous system is activated which leads to the release of stress hormones, including adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones cause an increase in blood sugar levels to provide energy for the body to respond to the situation. Decreased respiration (A) and pupil constriction (B) are not likely responses in a high-stress situation. Increased salivation (D) is also an unlikely response in an emergency situation.

Question 19

When Concealed Information Tests are used with enough specific probes

Accepted Answer

Concealed Information Tests have been found to be more accurate than standard polygraph tests, as they focus on detecting knowledge of specific details related to the crime that only the guilty party would know. With enough specific probes, the innocent suspects are unlikely to be judged as guilty by the examiners. However, it is still possible for guilty suspects to evade detection by controlling their physiological responses during the test. Therefore, it is not certain that guilty suspects will always be judged guilty by polygraph examiners.

Question 20

The polygraph measures the changes in ________ that accompany emotion.

Accepted Answer

The polygraph measures changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and sweat gland activity, which are believed to accompany emotion. These measurements are used to determine if a person is being truthful or deceptive when asked questions during a polygraph test.

Quiz 36: Sexual Motivation and the Need to Belong