Question 1

According to the expectancy model,expectancy refers to the perceived relationship between effort and pay.

Accepted Answer

Expectancy refers to the perceived relationship between effort and performance, not directly between effort and pay.

Question 2

According to the job characteristics model,job feedback is the extent to which carrying out job-related tasks provides direct and clear information about the effectiveness of an employee's performance.

Accepted Answer

According to the job characteristics model, job feedback is defined as the degree to which a job provides clear information about the effectiveness of an employee's performance, making option A true.

Question 3

The formation of natural teams combines individual jobs into a formally recognized unit (e.g. ,a section,team,or department).

Accepted Answer

The formation of natural teams involves grouping individual jobs into a formally recognized unit, such as a section, team, or department, to enhance coordination and efficiency.

Question 4

According to the job characteristics model,contextual factors at Starbucks include salary and benefit programs,interpersonal relations,travel requirements,and work conditions.

Accepted Answer

The job characteristics model considers five core job characteristics (skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback) and three critical psychological states (experienced meaningfulness of the work, experienced responsibility for outcomes of the work, and knowledge of the actual results of the work activities), but also acknowledges that contextual factors like salary, benefits, interpersonal relations, working conditions, and so on can influence employees' motivation, satisfaction, and performance. Hence, the contextual factors mentioned in the question (salary and benefit programs, interpersonal relations, travel requirements, and work conditions) are relevant in the job characteristics model applied to Starbucks or any other organization.

Question 5

According to the job characteristics model,individuals who are competent and confident in their ability to do their job at work have high knowledge and skills.

Accepted Answer

According to the job characteristics model, individuals who have high knowledge and skills are more likely to experience meaningfulness, responsibility, and autonomy in their job, which in turn leads to higher motivation, satisfaction, and performance at work. Therefore, competence and confidence are important factors that contribute to job enrichment and employee well-being.

Question 6

According to the job characteristics model,task identity is the extent to which a job requires an employee to complete a whole and identifiable piece of work,that is,doing a task from beginning to end with a visible outcome.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct definition of task identity according to the job characteristics model.

Question 7

According to the expectancy model,performance is an example of a second-level outcome.

Accepted Answer

According to the expectancy model, performance is considered a first-level outcome, which then leads to second-level outcomes such as rewards or recognition based on the performance.

Question 8

Vertical loading is the delegation to employees of responsibilities and tasks that were formerly reserved for management or staff specialists.

Accepted Answer

Vertical loading involves enriching a job by adding responsibilities that are traditionally performed by higher-level employees, thereby increasing the depth of the job's responsibilities.

Question 9

The two most widely used approaches recommended to leaders for designing enriched jobs are vertical loading and letting individuals take care of the work themselves.

Accepted Answer

The two most widely used approaches for job enrichment are vertical loading and horizontal loading, not letting individuals take care of the work themselves. Vertical loading involves adding more responsibilities to a job, while horizontal loading involves adding different tasks at the same level of responsibility.

Question 10

Individual differences identified in the job characteristics model include motivator factors and hygiene factors.

Accepted Answer

The job characteristics model focuses on five core job dimensions (skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback) that affect three critical psychological states, leading to increased motivation, performance, and satisfaction. It does not directly address individual differences in terms of motivator and hygiene factors; those are concepts from Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of motivation.

Question 11

The expectancy model states that people are motivated to work when they believe that they can achieve things they want from their jobs.

Accepted Answer

The expectancy model proposes that individuals will be motivated to exert effort towards achieving specific outcomes when they believe that their efforts will lead to desired outcomes, and they value those outcomes. Therefore, the model suggests that people are motivated when they believe that they can achieve things they want from their jobs.

Question 12

According to the Teams Competency: SEI Investments,employees at SEI Investments must demonstrate certain competencies to be chosen by their coworkers to be team leaders.

Accepted Answer

According to the Teams Competency: SEI Investments, employees must demonstrate certain competencies to be chosen as team leaders.

Question 13

The motivation of employees is the same across cultural differences.

Accepted Answer

The motivation of employees can vary greatly across different cultures. While some motivators may be universal, such as fair pay, recognition, and opportunities for growth, there are also cultural factors that may impact motivation, such as the value placed on individualism vs. collectivism, the importance of group harmony, and the significance of hierarchical structures. Therefore, it's important for managers to consider cultural differences when determining how to motivate their team members.

Question 14

According to the According to the Teams Competency: SEI Investments,incentive pay is based on an individual's accomplishments.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the According to the Teams...

Question 15

In Mexico,the order of employees' priorities are (1)religion , (2)family ,and (3)work.

Accepted Answer

According to research on Mexican work culture, the order of employees' priorities is (1) family, (2) work, and (3) religion. Religion is still important in Mexican culture, but it is not typically a higher priority than family and work.

Question 16

According to the job characteristics model,task significance is the extent to which an employee perceives the job as having a substantial impact on the lives of other people,whether those people are within or outside the organization.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true according to the job characteristics model.

Question 17

In the expectancy model,the five most important variables of the expectancy model are first-level and second-level outcomes,expectancy,valence,and instrumentality.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The expectancy model includes first-level outcomes (performance outcomes) and second-level outcomes (psychological outcomes), expectancy (belief that effort will lead to performance), valence (value placed on the outcome), and instrumentality (belief that performance will lead to the desired outcome). These are considered the five most important variables in the model.

Question 18

According to the job characteristics model,task significance is the extent to which a job requires an employee to complete a whole and identifiable piece of work,that is,doing a task from beginning to end with a visible outcome.

Accepted Answer

Task significance refers to the degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people. The description given actually defines task identity, not task significance.

Question 19

According to the job characteristics model,autonomy is the extent to which a job provides empowerment and discretion to an employee in scheduling tasks and in determining procedures to be used in carrying out those tasks.

Accepted Answer

Autonomy is defined in the job characteristics model as the degree of freedom and discretion a worker has in scheduling tasks and choosing how to carry them out.

Question 20

According to the job characteristics model,individuals who desire the opportunity for self-direction,learning,and personal accomplishment at work have high satisfaction with contextual factors.

Accepted Answer

According to the job characteristics model, individuals who desire the opportunity for self-direction, learning, and personal accomplishment at work are more likely to find satisfaction with the core job dimensions (such as skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback) rather than contextual factors. Contextual factors typically refer to conditions outside of the job itself, such as company policies, working conditions, salary, and coworker relations.

Quiz 6: Motivating Employees