Question 1

At Microsoft's research and development laboratory,engineers and scientists are encouraged to question top management's directives because innovation and professional judgment are crucial to the organization's success.

Accepted Answer

This statement implies a culture of innovation and openness to new ideas at Microsoft's research and development laboratory, where employees are encouraged to challenge management's decisions in pursuit of success.

Question 2

An unconditioned stimulus brings out an artificial response in the classical conditioning process.

Accepted Answer

An unconditioned stimulus brings out a natural, innate response in the classical conditioning process. It is the pairing of the unconditioned stimulus with a neutral stimulus that leads to the development of a conditioned response, which is an artificial response.

Question 3

Classical conditioning is widely used by managers in work settings to shape subordinates behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is not widely used by managers in work settings to shape subordinates' behaviors.

Question 4

Learning is a relatively permanent change in knowledge or observable behavior that results from practice or experience.

Accepted Answer

Learning involves a change in knowledge and behavior that is retained over time, and it typically requires practice or experience. This definition is widely accepted in the field of psychology and education.

Question 5

Classical conditioning is the process by which individuals learn to link the information from a neutral stimulus to a stimulus that causes a response.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is the process of pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that naturally causes a response, in order to elicit the same response from the neutral stimulus. This type of learning was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov and his experiments with dogs drooling in response to a bell that was previously associated with food.

Question 6

According to Learning from Experience: Working at United Parcel Service,UPS service providers are told to look at the package only once to fix the address in their mind.

Accepted Answer

According to Learning from Experience: Working at United Parcel Service, UPS service providers are told to look at the package only once to fix the address in their mind, which is emphasized as a key part of their training.

Question 7

For learning to occur,one must decide to think differently,but behavioral change is not required.

Accepted Answer

Learning is not limited to cognitive changes, but it also involves changes in behavior. Simply deciding to think differently is not enough for effective and lasting learning to occur. Actual changes in actions or behavior are necessary for learning to take place.

Question 8

Employees quickly learn whether their behavior is desirable or undesirable based on the leader's reaction to the behavior and how to change an undesirable to a desirable (from the leader's viewpoint)behavior.

Accepted Answer

Employees' behavior and actions are often shaped by the reaction of their leaders. They learn what is considered desirable or undesirable behavior by observing their leader's responses and adjusting their conduct accordingly.

Question 9

Desirable work behaviors contribute to achievement of organizational goals;conversely,undesirable work behaviors hinder achievement of these goals.

Accepted Answer

Desirable work behaviors such as being productive, collaborative, punctual, and professional help organizations to achieve their goals. On the other hand, undesirable work behaviors such as absenteeism, tardiness, insubordination, and unprofessional conduct can hinder the achievement of these goals.

Question 10

The process by which individuals learn to link the information from a neutral stimulus to a stimulus that causes a response is referred to as operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The process described in the statement actually refers to classical conditioning, not operant conditioning. Operant conditioning involves learning to associate a behavior with its consequences, either through reinforcement or punishment.

Question 11

A classically conditioned response may not be under an individual's conscious control.

Accepted Answer

Classically conditioned responses are automatic and subconscious, meaning that the individual does not have direct conscious control over them.

Question 12

The work setting and organizational norms provide perspectives for determining whether a behavior is desirable or undesirable.

Accepted Answer

The work setting and organizational norms provide a framework for determining whether a behavior is acceptable or unacceptable in a given context. These norms and expectations are shaped by factors such as company culture, industry regulations, and social standards, and they help to define what is considered appropriate behavior in a particular workplace or organizational setting. By understanding these norms and expectations, employees can better navigate their work environments and make decisions that align with the values and goals of their organizations.

Question 13

An example of classical conditioning is the AFLAC company,and how it has created a link between its duck and supplemental insurance.

Accepted Answer

AFLAC has achieved classical conditioning by repeatedly pairing its duck mascot with messages about supplemental insurance, creating an association in customers' minds.

Question 14

Undesirable work behaviors contribute to achieving organizational goals.

Accepted Answer

Undesirable work behaviors can have a negative impact on achieving organizational goals as they can lead to decreased productivity, reduced employee motivation, and low job satisfaction which can affect the overall performance and success of the organization.

Question 15

Effective managers do not try to change employees' personalities or basic beliefs.

Accepted Answer

Effective managers understand that changing someone's personality or core beliefs is not their responsibility or within their control. Instead, they focus on developing skills, providing resources, and creating a positive work environment that enables employees to express their unique personalities and beliefs in a productive and collaborative way.

Question 16

Labeling behavior as desirable or undesirable is based upon easily verifiable criteria.

Accepted Answer

Labeling behavior as desirable or undesirable can be subjective and influenced by cultural, social, and personal biases, making it difficult to establish universal criteria for such labeling.

Question 17

According to Learning from Experience: Working at United Parcel Service,United Parcel Service gives its supervisors note cards to use for on-road driver evaluations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Learning from Experience: Working at...

Question 18

Learning is a temporary change in knowledge or observable behavior that results from practice or experience.

Accepted Answer

Learning is a relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior due to experience.

Question 19

Labeling behavior as desirable or undesirable may be somewhat subjective and depends on the value systems of the organization (most often represented by an employee's manager)and the employee exhibiting the behavior.

Accepted Answer

Labeling behavior as desirable or undesirable is subjective and based on the values of the organization and the employee's manager. What one person considers desirable behavior may not be the same for someone else. Therefore, it is important to understand the values and norms of an organization before making judgments about behavior.

Question 20

Effective managers try to try to change employees' personalities or basic beliefs,rather than try to identify observable employee behaviors and the environmental conditions that influence the probability of these behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Effective managers focus on identifying observable employee behaviors and the environmental factors that can either support or hinder those behaviors. Changing an employee's fundamental beliefs or personality traits is not a realistic or effective management approach.

Quiz 5: Learning Concepts to Improve Performance: Part A