Question 1

A client is admitted to the emergency department with symptoms of meningitis.Reviewing the client's culture and sensitivity (C&S)report,the nurse would expect evidence of which organisms to confirm this diagnosis?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client is admitted to the emergency...

Question 2

A client has been on an antibiotic for 2 weeks for treatment of an ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori.The client asks the nurse if the antibiotic could be causing diarrhea.What is the nurse's most accurate response?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics can disrupt the normal gut flora, leading to an overgrowth of certain microorganisms that can cause diarrhea. This is a common side effect of antibiotic therapy and is known as antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Therefore, it is possible that the client's diarrhea is a secondary infection due to antibiotic therapy. The other options are not accurate explanations for the client's symptoms.

Question 3

The nurse is preparing to admit a client with a serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)infection.The nurse knows MRSA will not respond to treatment with:
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to most commonly used antibiotics including fluoroquinolones, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines. Linezolid is one of the few antibiotics that is effective against MRSA, but it was not included in the list of choices.

Question 4

A client is unable to give a urine sample for a culture and sensitivity (C&S)and asks the nurse why the health care provider does not just prescribe a really strong" antibiotic.The nurse responds that careful selection of the correct antibiotic is important because prescribing the wrong antibiotic:
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Prescribing the wrong antibiotic can delay effective treatment, give the bacteria more time to grow, and contribute to the development of drug-resistant bacteria. Lawsuits and allergic reactions are possible consequences, but they are not as directly related to selecting the correct antibiotic.

Question 5

Which location is the most difficult to reach with antibiotic therapy?

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system is the most difficult location to reach with antibiotic therapy due to the blood-brain barrier, which prevents most antibiotics from crossing into the brain and spinal cord. This barrier protects the central nervous system from harmful substances but also makes it challenging to treat infections within the brain.

Question 6

The clinic nurse is calling back clients with various symptoms.Which symptoms would suggest a superinfection?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The clinic nurse is calling back clients...

Question 7

The community outreach nurse is teaching a group of older clients how bacterial organisms become resistant to antibiotics.Which statements by the clients demonstrate understanding of the instruction?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Understanding the importance of immunizations to prevent infections reduces the need for antibiotics, which can help prevent resistance.B) Culturing infections ensures the correct antibiotic is used, reducing the chance of resistance by avoiding unnecessary or incorrect antibiotic use.C) Taking antibiotics only when necessary helps prevent the development of antibiotic resistance by reducing unnecessary exposure to these drugs.

Question 8

The health care provider asks the nurse to tell a client that tests confirm the client has a health care-associated infection (HAI).The nurse explains to the client that common sources of HAIs include:
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The health care provider asks the nurse...

Question 9

The client asks the nurse why culture and sensitivity (C&S)testing has to be done prior to starting the antibiotic for a urinary tract infection (UTI).The nurse explains that several organisms can cause UTIs and a C&S is performed to identify the organism.Which organism could be isolated on this client's C&S?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli, Enterococci, and Proteus mirabilis are all commonly isolated organisms in UTIs, while Treponema and Borrelia burgdorferi are not typically associated with UTIs.

Question 10

Which client would require the administration of prophylactic antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Clients with a suppressed immune system are more vulnerable to infections and are often administered prophylactic antibiotics to prevent the development of infections. Clients with inflammation or pus at the infection site may need antibiotics to treat the active infection, while clients with a viral infection do not require antibiotics as they are not effective against viruses.

Question 11

The nurse tells a client that the antibiotic the health care provider has prescribed is for Clostridium,the organism responsible for a number of diseases,including:
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Clostridium is responsible for food poisoning, gas gangrene, and tetanus. It is not typically associated with pneumonia or venereal disease.

Question 12

A client is admitted to the emergency department with an infection of the skin on the upper right thigh.The nurse knows this infection could be caused by which organism?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client is admitted to the emergency...

Question 13

A female client is prescribed tetracycline for acne.When providing information regarding this drug,the nurse explains that tetracycline:

Accepted Answer

Tetracycline is identified as unsafe during pregnancy and can cause harm to the developing fetus. It can cause discoloration of developing teeth in infants and affect bone growth. Therefore, it is contraindicated during pregnancy, and the nurse should advise the client to use effective birth control during the treatment period. Option A is incorrect because tetracycline does not have an upper age limit for use. Option B is incorrect because tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Option D is incorrect because tetracycline has a limited spectrum and is used to treat specific infections caused by susceptible organisms.

Question 14

A client is admitted to the emergency department for an infection.The nurse recognizes that host factors that play a role in the selection of anti-infective therapy include:
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The status of the immune system, location of the infection, and history of allergic reactions are host factors that influence the choice of anti-infective therapy. These factors help determine the appropriate drug and dosage to effectively treat the infection while minimizing adverse effects.

Question 15

The client on penicillin who is complaining of an abnormal vaginal discharge has a superinfection secondary to:

Accepted Answer

Penicillin is known to destroy normal flora in the vagina which can lead to overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria and subsequently, a superinfection.

Question 16

The nurse is discharging a client with a prescription for penicillin.The client asks the nurse how this antibiotic works.The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that the mechanism of action of this class of anti-infectives is:
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Penicillin works primarily by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, causing disruption of the cell wall which leads to the cell absorbing water and lysing, and by binding to specific proteins (penicillin-binding proteins) which results in the cell's inability to synthesize a proper cell wall. These mechanisms are crucial for the bactericidal action of penicillin and related antibiotics.

Question 17

The emergency department nurse anticipates that prophylactic antibiotics will likely be used to treat:
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Prophylactic antibiotics are used to prevent infections in clients with suppressed immune systems, after animal bites to prevent infection, and for close contacts of TB patients to prevent the spread of the disease.

Question 18

A pediatric nurse is caring for a child who has an infectious organism that produces beta lactamase.The nurse knows that which drugs should not be prescribed for this infection?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Beta lactamase is an enzyme that can inactivate or breakdown certain classes of antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins. Therefore, these antibiotics should not be prescribed for an infection caused by an organism that produces beta lactamase. Macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides are not affected by beta lactamase and can be used.

Question 19

A pregnant client is seen in the emergency department for an infection.The nurse anticipates that antibiotics prescribed for this client would not include:
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pregnant client is seen in the...

Question 20

The nurse caring for a group of clients recognizes that which client has a superinfection?

Accepted Answer

A superinfection occurs when a previously controlled infection becomes resistant to the antibiotics used to treat it, leading to a new infection. In this case, the AIDS client with candida is at risk for developing a superinfection due to the immunocompromised state caused by AIDS.

Quiz 46: Basic Principles of Anti-Infective Pharmacotherapy

A client is admitted to the emergency department with symptoms of meningitis.Reviewing the client's culture and sensitivity (C&S) report,the nurse would expect evidence of which organisms to confirm this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

A client has been on an antibiotic for 2 weeks for treatment of an ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori.The client asks the nurse if the antibiotic could be causing diarrhea.What is the nurse's most accurate response?

The nurse is preparing to admit a client with a serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection.The nurse knows MRSA will not respond to treatment with: Select all that apply.

Which location is the most difficult to reach with antibiotic therapy?

The clinic nurse is calling back clients with various symptoms.Which symptoms would suggest a superinfection? Select all that apply.

The community outreach nurse is teaching a group of older clients how bacterial organisms become resistant to antibiotics.Which statements by the clients demonstrate understanding of the instruction? Select all that apply.

The health care provider asks the nurse to tell a client that tests confirm the client has a health care-associated infection (HAI) .The nurse explains to the client that common sources of HAIs include: Select all that apply.

Which client would require the administration of prophylactic antibiotics?

The nurse tells a client that the antibiotic the health care provider has prescribed is for Clostridium,the organism responsible for a number of diseases,including: Select all that apply.

A client is admitted to the emergency department with an infection of the skin on the upper right thigh.The nurse knows this infection could be caused by which organism? Select all that apply.

A female client is prescribed tetracycline for acne.When providing information regarding this drug,the nurse explains that tetracycline:

A client is admitted to the emergency department for an infection.The nurse recognizes that host factors that play a role in the selection of anti-infective therapy include: Select all that apply.

The client on penicillin who is complaining of an abnormal vaginal discharge has a superinfection secondary to:

The nurse is discharging a client with a prescription for penicillin.The client asks the nurse how this antibiotic works.The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that the mechanism of action of this class of anti-infectives is: Select all that apply.

The emergency department nurse anticipates that prophylactic antibiotics will likely be used to treat: Select all that apply.

A pediatric nurse is caring for a child who has an infectious organism that produces beta lactamase.The nurse knows that which drugs should not be prescribed for this infection? Select all that apply.

A pregnant client is seen in the emergency department for an infection.The nurse anticipates that antibiotics prescribed for this client would not include: Select all that apply.

The nurse caring for a group of clients recognizes that which client has a superinfection?