Question 1

Baby Natalie is generally in a positive mood.She follows a regular daily routine and is calm during new situations.According to Chess and Thomas, Natalie is:

Accepted Answer

According to Chess and Thomas, an easy child is typically in a positive mood, follows a regular routine, and adapts well to new situations. Therefore, Baby Natalie fits the description of an easy child.

Question 2

Now that Rosie is in late adulthood, the socioemotional selectivity theory predicts she will:

Accepted Answer

The socioemotional selectivity theory suggests that as individuals age, they become more selective in their choice of social partners and tend to prioritize maintaining existing relationships. Therefore, Rosie is likely to spend most of her time with familiar friends rather than actively seeking out new ones or investing in peripheral relationships.

Question 3

Adolescents are more likely than adults to report feeling:

Accepted Answer

Adolescents are more likely than adults to experience a range of emotions, including both very happy and very sad emotions. This is because adolescence is a time of significant emotional development, as individuals navigate changing relationships, responsibilities, and identities. Therefore, both very happy and very sad emotions are common and expected during this stage of life. Option A and B are too extreme and do not reflect the complexity of adolescent emotions, and option D is not consistently reported as a common emotion in this age group.

Question 4

According to Chess and Thomas, a child who has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays low intensity moods is characterized as:

Accepted Answer

According to Chess and Thomas, a child who has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays low intensity moods is characterized as slow-to-warm-up. This refers to children who have a low activity level, are hesitant to try new things, and take time to adjust to new situations. They may also display somewhat negative moods and low intensity emotions. This is in contrast to children who are easy, who have a generally positive disposition, adapt easily to new situations, and have a regular routine of bodily functions. Children who are difficult, on the other hand, tend to be very active, moody, and have irregular routines.

Question 5

Socioemotional selectivity affects the goals of older adults.Knowledge-related goals _____ during this time, whereas emotion-related goals _____.

Accepted Answer

According to socioemotional selectivity theory, as people age, they become more focused on emotional goals and less focused on knowledge-related goals. Therefore, emotion-related goals increase while knowledge-related goals decline during this time.

Question 6

Which theory challenges the notion that older adults are in despair because of social isolation?

Accepted Answer

Socioemotional selectivity theory challenges the notion that older adults are in despair because of social isolation. This theory suggests that as individuals age, they become more selective with their social interactions and prioritize emotionally meaningful relationships over casual ones. Therefore, social isolation may not necessarily lead to despair as long as older adults have fulfilling relationships with a small, select group of people.

Question 7

Alan's infant daughter begins to cry only minutes after she goes down for a nap.According to John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, Alan should:

Accepted Answer

According to John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth's attachment theory, infants rely on their primary caregivers (in this case, Alan) for comfort and security. Therefore, it's important for Alan to immediately attend to his daughter's crying and provide comfort for her. This will help to strengthen their attachment bond and provide a sense of security for the infant. Ignoring her or taking her out of bed are not recommended as they can disrupt the infant's routine and potentially harm their attachment bond. Waiting 2 minutes may be appropriate in some cases, but if the infant is crying immediately, it's best to attend to them right away.

Question 8

Shelby's best friend didn't run up to play with her at recess and sat alone at a table.Shelby thought, "She's probably still feeling sick." This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Shelby is reframing the situation in a positive light, assuming that her friend is still feeling sick, rather than jumping to negative conclusions such as her friend not wanting to play with her. This is a healthy coping mechanism.

Question 9

Nora frequently socializes with her neighbors and has intense positive emotions with family members and established friends.Nora MOST likely is a(n):

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nora frequently socializes with her neighbors and...

Question 10

Older adulthood emotional experience is characterized by _____ emotions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Older adulthood emotional experience is characterized by...

Question 11

By 10 years of age, most children are able to use cognitive strategies to manage stress.In which of the following types of families would children BEST cope with stress?

Accepted Answer

Children cope best with stress when they feel safe and secure. Families that offer reassurance to their children of their safety and security can help children effectively manage stress. On the other hand, families that frequently expose children to frightening events or experience trauma can contribute to increased stress and anxiety in children. Families that exhibit intense emotion may also create a stressful environment for children.

Question 12

Which theory explains why older adults spend most of their time with familiar individuals and family?

Accepted Answer

The socioemotional selectivity theory suggests that as individuals age, their social goals shift from acquiring new information and skills to seeking emotional gratification and fulfilling meaningful relationships. This theory explains why older adults spend most of their time with familiar individuals and family.

Question 13

Best friends, Gina and Miranda, have infants close to the same age.Gina's daughter is generally cheerful and happy, whereas Miranda's son seems to be upset and crying much of the time.These children have different:

Accepted Answer

The difference between the infants' dispositions and demeanor suggests that they have different temperaments. Temperament refers to individual differences in behavior, emotions, and reactions that are relatively stable across time and situations. While emotional competence, adaptive emotional responses, and mood regulation are all related to emotional functioning, they do not necessarily indicate stable individual differences in temperament.

Question 14

Kylie's mother wants to help her develop emotional competence.At 3 years old, Kylie should be able to:

Accepted Answer

At 3 years old, children should be able to describe their emotions and what caused them as they develop language skills. It's essential for emotional competence to recognize and understand their emotions, which helps them regulate and manage them effectively. Children are not expected to predict or modulate their emotions cognitively at this age, and suppressing negative emotions is not a healthy emotional coping strategy.

Question 15

Temperament refers to individual differences in all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Temperament refers to individual differences in emotions, behavior styles, and response tendencies. However, temperament is not related to attachment, which is a separate construct concerning attachment styles and relationships with others.

Question 16

Beth has fewer friends than she did when she was younger, but each relationship is deeply satisfying and enjoyable to her.This is an example of Laura Carstensen's theory of:

Accepted Answer

Beth's situation is an example of socioemotional selectivity, which is a theory proposed by Laura Carstensen that suggests as people age, their social goals shift from information gathering and expanding horizons to emotional regulation, meaning they prioritize relationships that are emotionally rewarding and meaningful over those that are more superficial. Beth's satisfaction with her fewer but deeper friendships aligns with this theory.

Question 17

According to Kagan, what shows considerable stability from infancy though early childhood?

Accepted Answer

Kagan's research has consistently shown considerable stability in behavioral inhibition in children from infancy through early childhood. Behavioral inhibition refers to a temperament style characterized by shyness, wariness, and avoidance of unfamiliar situations or people.

Question 18

Maria is pregnant.Statistically speaking, what Chess and Thomas temperament will her child most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Statistically, most children are categorized as having an "easy" temperament according to Chess and Thomas's temperament theory.

Question 19

Which of the following is statements regarding adolescence is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Research shows that adolescent girls are more likely to experience mood swings and emotional instability than boys. Boys may also experience moodiness, but not to the same degree as girls.

Question 20

When Gehrig is left at preschool, he cries and will not play with the other children for some time.According to Chess and Thomas, what type of temperament does Gehrig exhibit?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Gehrig is left at preschool, he...

Quiz 10: Emotional Development and Attachment