Allergic responses to inhaled antigens occur when an individual is first sensitized to the antigen (i.e., the allergen), inducing an immune response, and then has a subsequent exposure to the same antigen. The sensitization phase is characterized by:

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During the sensitization phase, the body produces IgE antibodies in response to the antigen/allergen. These IgE antibodies then bind to mast cells throughout the body, priming them for activation upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen/allergen. CD4 T cells also play a role in this phase, with the induction of a type II immune response involving Th2 cells and cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13.

Allergic Responses to Inhaled Antigens Occur When an Individual Is