Once an Individual Becomes Sensitized to an Allergen, Such as an Inhaled

Once an individual becomes sensitized to an allergen, such as an inhaled antigen, the allergic response can become self-amplifying upon each re-exposure to the allergen. Thus, even in the absence of CD4 T_H2 cell activation, increases in IgE secretion by mucosal-resident plasma cells can be induced by:

A) IL-4 secretion and CD40-ligand expression by mast cells and basophils
B) Inflammatory macrophages recruited to the site of allergen stimulation
C) Eosinophils that are stimulated by the production of IL-4 in the mucosal tissue
D) Dendritic cells that have received TLR stimulation
E) The activation of the complement cascade following allergen encounter