Question 1

To assess ourselves effectively, we should __________.
A) make reasonable social comparisons
B) place judgments of ourselves in context
C) realize that who we are is always in process
D) assess ourselves in the perspective of time
E)all of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the above are important factors to consider when assessing ourselves effectively. Making reasonable social comparisons helps us avoid unrealistic standards, placing judgments in context helps us see the bigger picture, realizing that who we are is always in process allows for growth and self-improvement, and assessing ourselves in the perspective of time helps us see how we have evolved over time.

Question 2

Howie is still not entirely sure how smart he is, so he asks other students in his first grade class how they did on a test. After checking with 5 other children, Howie realizes he did better than any of them and Howie concludes he must be pretty smart after all. The process by which Howie reached this conclusion is __________.
A) indirect definition
B) self-fulfilling prophesy
C) script
D) reflected appraisal
E)social comparison

Accepted Answer

Howie compared himself to his peers in his first grade class, which is an example of social comparison. He used their performance as a benchmark to evaluate his own intelligence.

Question 3

Things that others see in us but we do not see in ourselves are known in the Johari Window as __________ information.
A) hidden
B)blind
C) unknown
D) uncritical
E) open

Accepted Answer

Blind information is the term used in the Johari Window to refer to things that others see in us but we are unaware of ourselves. Hidden information is information that we are aware of but others are not, unknown information is information that neither we nor others know about, open information is information that is known to both us and others, and uncritical information is not a concept within the Johari Window.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an example of communication with and influence of our peers?
A) reflected appraisals
B) self-disclosure
C) social comparison
D) direct definition
E)all of the above are examples of communication with peers

Accepted Answer

All the options listed (reflected appraisals, self-disclosure, social comparison, and direct definition) are examples of how we communicate with and are influenced by our peers.

Question 5

As we interact with the generalized other, we learn which aspects of identity society considers important. Which of the following is emphasized in modern Western culture as key aspect(s) of personal identity and value?
A) race
B) gender
C) sexual orientation
D) socioeconomic class
E)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Modern Western culture emphasizes all of these aspects—race, gender, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic class—as key components of personal identity and value. These elements are often discussed in social, political, and media contexts, reflecting their importance in societal interactions and perceptions.

Question 6

Harry and Sally have had a long, loving, and stable relationship. We would expect that this couple __________.
A) would speak a great deal with each other, continually revealing a prodigious amount of new information
B) discloses more now than they did in the formative years of their relationship
C) discloses more salient than trivial information
D)discloses less now than they did in the embryonic stages of their relationship
E) a and b

Accepted Answer

According to research on relational development, as relationships progress and become more stable, partners tend to disclose less information to each other than they did in the early stages of their relationship. This is because they have already revealed much of the important information about themselves and their lives, and they no longer need to constantly disclose new details to maintain intimacy. Therefore, option D is the best answer as it suggests that Harry and Sally disclose less now than they did in the embryonic stages of their relationship. The other options are not supported by the research on relational development.

Question 7

Jenny is looking through a popular women's magazine. She notices that most of the advertisements deal with beauty, looking young, or losing weight. These social values in the media are examples of __________.
A) the particular other
B) the generalized other
C) direct definition
D) identity scripts
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The social values presented in the magazine advertisements are shaping the expectations of the "generalized other" or society as a whole regarding beauty standards, youthfulness, and body image.

Question 8

"You are a big, tough boy who doesn't cry" Alice tells her son. Alice's statement is an example of __________.
A) identity script
B) anxious/ambivalent
C) self-fulfilling prophesy
D) indirect definition
E)direct definition

Accepted Answer

Alice's statement directly defines her son as a "big, tough boy who doesn't cry" which aligns with the concept of direct definition.

Question 9

Ray is very attentive and supportive to his son Robbie when he is sober, but when Ray drinks he often ignores his son and sometimes verbally abuses him. Robbie never knows which way his father will act. If the father is Robbie's primary caregiver, Robbie is likely to develop which attachment style __________.
A) fearful
B) secure
C)anxious/ambivalent
D) dismissive
E) defensive

Accepted Answer

Robbie's inconsistent experiences with his father can lead to an anxious/ambivalent attachment style, where he may be overly clingy when his father is sober and anxious when his father is drinking. This attachment style is characterized by a fear of abandonment and a difficulty trusting caregivers.

Question 10

A clear understanding of how social perspectives influence our sense of self and guide our behaviors, attitudes, and values should be based on __________.
A) blind acceptance of norms
B) fixed, absolute truths
C) our immediate point in time
D) the dominant cultural values
E)a critical judgment about what we personally accept

Accepted Answer

A clear understanding of how social perspectives influence our sense of self and guide our behaviors, attitudes, and values can only come from a critical judgment about what we personally accept, rather than simply accepting blind norms, fixed absolute truths, or dominant cultural values. It requires a careful evaluation of our own beliefs and values in light of the social context in which we live.

Question 11

Secure attachment styles tend to develop in children whose caregivers __________.
A)are consistently loving and attentive
B) are more often loving than rejecting
C) alternately loving and rejecting
D) are socially conservative
E) b and d

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment styles are more likely to develop in children whose caregivers are consistently loving and attentive, providing a stable and predictable environment that fosters trust and security. This consistency enables the child to develop a sense that their caregiver will be available, responsive, and supportive when needed, laying the foundation for healthy relationships and coping skills. Children who experience inconsistent or unpredictable caregiving may develop anxious or avoidant attachment styles, as they learn to rely on inconsistent or unreliable sources of comfort and support.

Question 12

A powerful way that communication shapes the self is the self-fulfilling prophecy. Which of the following best describes a self-fulfilling prophecy?
A)During music practice, the conductor informs Sally that she is repeatedly missing the same note. Sally tells herself she will miss the same note in the musical recital. During the recital, she misses the same note that she told herself she would miss.
B) The conductor tells John that Sally will miss a note in the recital and then John tells Sally.
C) Sally secretly believes that John will miss a note in the recital and he does.
D) During a practice session, the conductor shouts at John because he misses a note. The conductor makes a bet with John that he will miss the note during the recital.
E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy is when a person's belief or expectation about a situation or event leads them to behave in a way that brings about the outcome that they predicted. In this case, Sally's belief that she would miss the note led to her behavior of actually missing it, fulfilling her own prophecy. The other options involve external factors or other people's beliefs, rather than the individual's own self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 13

Where we shop, what we wear and what kind of car we drive, who our friends are, and where we live and work are all influenced by our __________.
A) race
B) gender
C) sexual orientation
D)socioeconomic class
E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Our socioeconomic class has a significant influence on our consumer choices, social connections, and residential location. While race, gender, and sexual orientation can also impact some aspects of our lives, they are not as widespread or determinative as our socioeconomic class. Therefore, option D is the best answer.

Question 14

Acting in ways that bring about expectations or judgments of others that have been expressed to us is known as __________.
A) the self
B) the significant other
C)self-fulfilling prophesy
D) the particular other
E) identity scripts

Accepted Answer

Self-fulfilling prophesy refers to the phenomenon where a person's beliefs or expectations about another individual influence their behavior towards that individual and subsequently shape the other's behavior in line with those beliefs or expectations. This can lead to a self-fulfilling cycle where a person's expectations become reality.

Question 15

The process of seeing ourselves through the eyes of others is known as __________.
A) generalized other
B) significant other
C) particular other
D)reflected appraisal
E) generalized appraisal

Accepted Answer

Reflected appraisal refers to the process of seeing ourselves through the eyes of others. It involves taking into consideration how others perceive and evaluate us, which can shape our self-perception and self-esteem. The other options are related concepts in social psychology, but they do not specifically refer to the process of seeing ourselves through the eyes of others.

Question 16

The theory that asserts that people find uncertainty uncomfortable and so are motivated to use communication to reduce uncertainty is known as __________.
A) Johari Window
B) social comparison
C)uncertainty reduction
D) reflected appraisals
E) self-disclosure

Accepted Answer

The theory that asserts that people find uncertainty uncomfortable and so are motivated to use communication to reduce uncertainty is called uncertainty reduction theory. This theory suggests that people use communication to gather information about others in order to reduce uncertainty and discomfort.

Question 17

Jamie had problems in her math class and finally began to tell herself that she would never understand math. Jamie had failed to follow which suggestion for personal growth and awareness?
A) self-disclose appropriately
B) assess yourself fairly
C) set realistic goals
D)avoid self-sabotage
E) create a supportive context

Accepted Answer

Jamie's belief that she would never understand math is an example of self-sabotage, as it undermines her confidence and potential to improve in her math class.

Question 18

Jon says, "I am so stupid I'll never graduate from college. I just can't learn this Chemistry because I am so darned dumb!" Jon's self-communication is an example of __________.
A) being a downer
B) being an upper
C) being a vulture
D)engaging in self-sabotage
E) making a social comparison

Accepted Answer

Jon's self-communication is an example of self-sabotage because he is putting himself down and hindering his own progress by believing he is stupid and cannot learn.

Question 19

Howie isn't sure how smart he is until his teacher in first grade tells him she thinks he is very bright. Howie later tells his parents "I am a bright boy." The process by which Howie developed a view of his intelligence is __________.
A) indirect definition
B) self-fulfilling prophesy
C) script
D)reflected appraisal
E) social comparison

Accepted Answer

Reflected appraisal refers to the process by which we develop a sense of self based on how we believe others perceive us. In this case, Howie's teacher's opinion of his intelligence influenced his own perception of himself as a "bright boy".

Question 20

Life scripts __________.
A)are the outcome of a largely unconscious process of internalizing the rules, roles, and basic climate for living that we learn from our immediate family
B) are direct definitions that through labeling, tells us who we are and how to behave
C) are broadly shared perceptions we learn throughout our lifetime from peers and social institutions
D) are self-concepts we gain through disclosing
E) are forms and patterns of affective and cognitive relationships styles

Accepted Answer

Life scripts are internalized sets of rules, roles, and basic climate for living that we learn from our immediate family, often in an unconscious manner. They shape our beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors and guide our decision-making processes throughout our lives.

Quiz 9: Communication and Self-Concept

To assess ourselves effectively, we should __________.

Things that others see in us but we do not see in ourselves are known in the Johari Window as __________ information.

Which of the following is NOT an example of communication with and influence of our peers?

As we interact with the generalized other, we learn which aspects of identity society considers important. Which of the following is emphasized in modern Western culture as key aspect(s) of personal identity and value?

Harry and Sally have had a long, loving, and stable relationship. We would expect that this couple __________.

Jenny is looking through a popular women's magazine. She notices that most of the advertisements deal with beauty, looking young, or losing weight. These social values in the media are examples of __________.

"You are a big, tough boy who doesn't cry" Alice tells her son. Alice's statement is an example of __________.

A clear understanding of how social perspectives influence our sense of self and guide our behaviors, attitudes, and values should be based on __________.

Secure attachment styles tend to develop in children whose caregivers __________.

A powerful way that communication shapes the self is the self-fulfilling prophecy. Which of the following best describes a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Where we shop, what we wear and what kind of car we drive, who our friends are, and where we live and work are all influenced by our __________.

Acting in ways that bring about expectations or judgments of others that have been expressed to us is known as __________.

The process of seeing ourselves through the eyes of others is known as __________.

The theory that asserts that people find uncertainty uncomfortable and so are motivated to use communication to reduce uncertainty is known as __________.

Jamie had problems in her math class and finally began to tell herself that she would never understand math. Jamie had failed to follow which suggestion for personal growth and awareness?

Jon says, "I am so stupid I'll never graduate from college. I just can't learn this Chemistry because I am so darned dumb!" Jon's self-communication is an example of __________.

Howie isn't sure how smart he is until his teacher in first grade tells him she thinks he is very bright. Howie later tells his parents "I am a bright boy." The process by which Howie developed a view of his intelligence is __________.

Life scripts __________.